Los límites epistémicos del VAR
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Citation
Pérez Triviño JL. Los límites epistémicos del VAR. Revista Aranzadi de derecho de deporte y entretenimiento. 2021;(72):49-69.
Abstract
La introducción del VAR en el fútbol ha encontrado cierta resistencia. Las objeciones afectan a algunos de los aspectos negativos en el transcurso de un partido de fútbol. Sin embargo, existen fuertes argumen-tos, fundamentados en la idea de justicia en el fútbol que apoyan su uso, ya que contribuye a reducir factores que disminuyen la importancia del mérito en el deporte. Pero el punto principal aquí analizado ha sido los límites epistémicos del VAR que le imposibilitan resolver no solo todos los errores arbitrales que pueden ocurrir en el terreno de juego, sino incluso la corta lista de cuatro situaciones en las que puede intervenir para revisar las decisiones de arbitraje. En este contexto he analizado tres problemas: a) problemas técnicos; b) arbitrariedades y manipulaciones que puedan producirse desde dentro del VOR; c) los límites epistémicos. Respecto de este último punto, he señalado que el VAR funciona en base a estándares de evidencia / revisión dependiendo de si la situa-ción revisada es un problema fáctico (problema de conocimiento) o un problema de interpretación de la redacción de las reglas aplicables (problema de reconocimiento). La naturaleza variable de la revisión del VAR explica el diferente grado de deferencia que recibe el VAR del árbitro en una situación particular. Esto se explica por el hecho de que, de hecho, el VAR tiene una ventaja epistémica sobre el árbitro en el terreno de juego.
The introduction of VAR into football has been met with some resistance. The objections touch on some of the negative aspects in the course of a football match. However, there are strong arguments, founded on the idea of justice in football that support its use, since it contributes to reducing factors that diminish the importance of merit in the sport. But the main point analysed here has been the epistemic limits of VAR that make it impossible for it to resolve not only all the refereeing errors that may occur on the field of play, but even the short list of four situations in which it may intervene to review the refereeing deci-sions. In this context I have analysed three problems: a) technical problems; b) arbitrariness and manipulations which may occur from those inside the VOR; c) the epistemic limits. Finally, I have pointed out that VAR works based on standards of evidence/revision depending on whether the situation reviewed is a factual problem (knowledge problem) or a problem in interpretation of the wording of applicable rules (recogni-tion problem). The varying nature of the VAR review explains the different degree of deference that VAR receives from the referee in a particular situation. This is explained by the fact that in factual matters, VAR has an epistemic advantage over the on-pitch referee.
The introduction of VAR into football has been met with some resistance. The objections touch on some of the negative aspects in the course of a football match. However, there are strong arguments, founded on the idea of justice in football that support its use, since it contributes to reducing factors that diminish the importance of merit in the sport. But the main point analysed here has been the epistemic limits of VAR that make it impossible for it to resolve not only all the refereeing errors that may occur on the field of play, but even the short list of four situations in which it may intervene to review the refereeing deci-sions. In this context I have analysed three problems: a) technical problems; b) arbitrariness and manipulations which may occur from those inside the VOR; c) the epistemic limits. Finally, I have pointed out that VAR works based on standards of evidence/revision depending on whether the situation reviewed is a factual problem (knowledge problem) or a problem in interpretation of the wording of applicable rules (recogni-tion problem). The varying nature of the VAR review explains the different degree of deference that VAR receives from the referee in a particular situation. This is explained by the fact that in factual matters, VAR has an epistemic advantage over the on-pitch referee.
