Active bilingualism delays the onset of mild cognitive impairment

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• dc.contributor.author Calabria, Marco
• dc.contributor.author Hernández Pardo, Mireia
• dc.contributor.author Cattaneo, Gabriele, 1984-
• dc.contributor.author Serras Robert, Mariona
• dc.contributor.author Juncadella, Montserrat
• dc.contributor.author Reñé, Ramón
• dc.contributor.author Sala, Isabel
• dc.contributor.author Lleó, Alberto
• dc.contributor.author Ortiz-Gil, Jordi
• dc.contributor.author Ugas, Lidia
• dc.contributor.author Ávila, Asunción
• dc.contributor.author Gómez Ruiz, Isabel
• dc.contributor.author Ávila, César
• dc.contributor.author Costa, Albert, 1970-
• dc.date.accessioned 2020-10-28T09:06:56Z
• dc.date.issued 2020
• dc.description.abstract Lifelong bilingualism may contribute to cognitive reserve (CR) in neurodegenerative diseases as shown by a delay of the age at symptom onset in bilinguals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). However, some studies have failed to show this bilingual advantage, suggesting that it might depend on the type and degree of bilingualism. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that active bilingualism, defined as the continuous use of the two languages as opposed to second language exposition only, may protect against cognitive decline. Moreover, we investigated whether bilingualism as a CR factor may be explained by an advantage within the executive control (EC) system. To do so, we collected clinical measures (age at onset of cognitive symptoms, age at the first medical visit for cognitive impairments, and age at diagnosis) in patients with MCI and patients with AD with different degrees of language experience and usage of Catalan and Spanish. Additionally, all participants were tested on four EC tasks and one long-term memory recognition task. First, results from multiple regression analyses showed that active bilingualism was a significant predictor of delay in the age at onset for all the clinical measures in MCI, but not AD patients. Second, the effect of active bilingualism was independent of occupation, educational level and job attainment across the individuals’ lifespan. Finally, although we did not find an effect of active bilingualism across all EC tasks, we did find an effect for conflict resolution. These results are discussed in the context of CR hypotheses, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms may play a role in protecting against cognitive decline.
• dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the Fundació La Marató de TV3 (373/C/2014), the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program for Research (No. 613465), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, National Research Agency) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, European Regional Development Fund) under the projects PSI2017-87784-R and RED2018-102615-T. The Ramón y Cajal research program of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities supported MC (RYC-2013-14013) and MH (RYC-2016-19477).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Calabria M, Hernández M, Cattaneo G, Suades A, Serra M, Juncadella M, Reñé R, Sala I, Lleó A, Ortiz-Gil J, Ugas L, Ávila A, Gómez Ruiz I, Ávila C, Costa A. Active bilingualism delays the onset of mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia. 2020 Sep;146:107528. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107528
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107528
• dc.identifier.issn 0028-3932
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/45599
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Neuropsychologia. 2020 Sep;146:107528
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/613465
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/RYC-2013-14013
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/RYC-2016-19477
• dc.rights © Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107528
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.subject.keyword Alzheimer’s diseaseen
• dc.subject.keyword Bilingualismen
• dc.subject.keyword Cognitive reserveen
• dc.subject.keyword Cognitive resilienceen
• dc.subject.keyword Mild cognitive impairmenten
• dc.subject.keyword Executive controlen
• dc.title Active bilingualism delays the onset of mild cognitive impairmenten
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion