Genomics reveals introgression and purging of deleterious mutations in the Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr)

Mochales Riaño, Gabriel; Fontseré Alemany, Clàudia, 1992-; Manuel Montero, Marc de, 1991-; Talavera, Adrián; Burriel Carranza, Bernat; Tejero Cicuéndez, Héctor, 1993-; AlGethami, Raed Hamoud M.; Shobrak, Mohammed; Marquès i Bonet, Tomàs, 1975-; Carranza Gil-Dolz del Castellar, Salvador

Genomics reveals introgression and purging of deleterious mutations in the Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr)

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dc.contributor.author Mochales Riaño, Gabriel
dc.contributor.author Fontseré Alemany, Clàudia, 1992-
dc.contributor.author Manuel Montero, Marc de, 1991-
dc.contributor.author Talavera, Adrián
dc.contributor.author Burriel Carranza, Bernat
dc.contributor.author Tejero Cicuéndez, Héctor, 1993-
dc.contributor.author AlGethami, Raed Hamoud M.
dc.contributor.author Shobrak, Mohammed
dc.contributor.author Marquès i Bonet, Tomàs, 1975-
dc.contributor.author Carranza Gil-Dolz del Castellar, Salvador
dc.date.accessioned 2023-10-04T06:24:58Z
dc.date.available 2023-10-04T06:24:58Z
dc.date.issued 2023
dc.description.abstract In endangered species, low-genetic variation and inbreeding result from recent population declines. Genetic screenings in endangered populations help to assess their vulnerability to extinction and to create informed management actions toward their conservation efforts. The leopard, Panthera pardus, is a highly generalist predator with currently eight different subspecies. Yet, genomic data are still lacking for the Critically Endangered Arabian leopard (P. p. nimr). Here, we sequenced the whole genome of two Arabian leopards and assembled the most complete genomic dataset for leopards to date. Our phylogenomic analyses show that leopards are divided into two deeply divergent clades: the African and the Asian. Conservation genomic analyses indicate a prolonged population decline, which has led to an increase in inbreeding and runs of homozygosity, with consequent purging of deleterious mutations in both Arabian individuals. Our study represents the first attempt to genetically inform captive breeding programmes for this Critically Endangered subspecies.
dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 864203), “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu”, funded by the AEI (CEX2018-000792-M) to TMB, and grants PGC2018-098290-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) Spain, PID2021-128901NB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF, A way of making Europe), Spain to SC. We acknowledge both Anders Albrechtsen and Nicolas Dussex for useful comments with introgression and mutational load analyses, respectively, and Núria Hermosilla for interesting comments about phylogenetic analysis. We further acknowledge Johanna Paijmans for helping during the downloading of some of the leopard genomes. We want to thank Prem Aguilar for his useful comments in a previous version of this manuscript as well as two anonymous reviewers. We are deeply thankful to Dr. Mohammed Qurban, chief executive officer of the National Center for Wildlife (NCW), and the former vice president of the formal Saudi Wildlife Authority Dr. Hani Tatwany for their support and encouragement since the beginning of the project. We are also grateful to all personnel involved in the Arabian Leopard programme at the Royal Commission for AlUla and their partners in the Arabian Leopard project for support, with the Approval of Saudi Wildlife Authority under permit SWA/6386. GM-R was funded by an FPI grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (PRE2019-088729), AT is supported by “la Caixa”” doctoral fellowship program (LCF/BQ/DR20/11790007), BB-C was funded by FPU grant from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (FPU18/04742) and HT-C was supported by a "Juan de la Cierva - Formación" postdoctoral fellowship (FJC2021-046832-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
dc.identifier.citation Mochales-Riaño G, Fontsere C, de Manuel M, Talavera A, Burriel-Carranza B, Tejero-Cicuéndez H, AlGethami RHM, Shobrak M, Marques-Bonet T, Carranza S. Genomics reveals introgression and purging of deleterious mutations in the Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr). iScience. 2023 Jul 27;26(9):107481. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107481
dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107481
dc.identifier.issn 2589-0042
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/58034
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof iScience. 2023 Jul 27;26(9):107481
dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/864203
dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/PGC2018-098290-B-I00
dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021-128901NB-I00
dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.keyword Genomics
dc.subject.keyword Zoology
dc.title Genomics reveals introgression and purging of deleterious mutations in the Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr)
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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