La traducción de textos superpuestos en Sherlock: la substitución y la subtitulación/nde deducciones, mensajes de móvil y otros textos clave

Abstract

La serie Sherlock utiliza el texto superpuesto con una función creativa. Al ser un recurso innovador en televisión, no existe una estrategia de traducción común, sino que se emplean distintas modalidades. Este trabajo contrasta la subtitulación y la substitución a partir de ejemplos de Sherlock en catalán y en castellano.From intertitles in the silent film era to modern dynamic inserts, throughout the history of film/nwritten texts have been inserted on screen as a visual resource to convey meaning. Yet, to date,/nthey have scarcely been the focus of scholarly study. British television series Sherlock,/ncharacterized by the recurring use of inserts or 'superimposed texts' (also called captions), is a/nbig hit and has been exported worldwide. The translation of the inserts has proved a great/nchallenge; because of its novelty a common strategy has not yet been developed and each region/nhas instead chosen its own modality and technique, with varying results. The Catalan version/nhas opted to subtitle these inserts, whereas, in the Spanish version, they are entirely replaced by/nSpanish equivalent inserts. The aim of this paper is twofold; first, to research the process of/ncreating and translating the inserts in Sherlock by consulting with professionals who have/nworked on the English, Catalan or Spanish version of the series; second, to describe and/ncompare the subtitling and replacement modalities with two analyses: a qualitative analysis,/nwith examples described according to a model of six semiotic dimensions (content, position,/ntiming, graphics, animation and sound effects), and a quantitative analysis, with statistical data/non the Sherlock inserts from seasons one and two. This study presents and contrasts the pros/nand cons of both the subtitling and replacement modalities, and concludes with considerations/nregarding the need to research and develop multidisciplinary strategies and techniques that/nfacilitate the creation, translation and distribution of audiovisual works incorporating text/ninserts.