The timing of vision - how neural processing links to different temporal dynamics

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• dc.contributor.author Masquelier, Timothéeca
• dc.contributor.author Albantakis, Larissaca
• dc.contributor.author Deco, Gustavoca
• dc.date.accessioned 2016-02-11T19:39:18Z
• dc.date.available 2016-02-11T19:39:18Z
• dc.date.issued 2011
• dc.description.abstract In this review, we describe our recent attempts to model the neural correlates of visual perception with biologically inspired networks of spiking neurons, emphasizing the dynamical aspects. Experimental evidence suggests distinct processing modes depending on the type of task the visual system is engaged in. A first mode, crucial for object recognition, deals with rapidly extracting the glimpse of a visual scene in the first 100 ms after its presentation. The promptness of this process points to mainly feedforward processing, which relies on latency coding, and may be shaped by spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Our simulations confirm the plausibility and efficiency of such a scheme. A second mode can be engaged whenever one needs to perform finer perceptual discrimination through evidence accumulation on the order of 400 ms and above. Here, our simulations, together with theoretical considerations, show how predominantly local recurrent connections and long neural time-constants enable the integration and build-up of firing rates on this timescale. In particular, we review how a non-linear model with attractor states induced by strong recurrent connectivity provides straightforward explanations for several recent experimental observations. A third mode, involving additional top-down attentional signals, is relevant for more complex visual scene processing. In the model, as in the brain, these top-down attentional signals shape visual processing by biasing the competition between different pools of neurons. The winning pools may not only have a higher firing rate, but also more synchronous oscillatory activity. This fourth mode, oscillatory activity, leads to faster reaction times and enhanced information transfers in the model. This has indeed been observed experimentally. Moreover, oscillatory activity can format spike times and encode information in the spike phases with respect to the oscillatory cycle. This phenomenon is referred to as “phase-of-firing coding,” and experimental evidence for it is accumulating in the visual system. Simulations show that this code can again be efficiently decoded by STDP. Future work should focus on continuous natural vision, bio-inspired hardware vision systems, and novel experimental paradigms to further distinguish current modeling approaches.ca
• dc.description.sponsorship The authors were supported by the Fyssen Foundation, the FP7 European Project Coronet, and the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 Programme CSD2007-00012.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdfca
• dc.identifier.citation Masquelier T, Albantakis L, Deco G. The timing of vision – how neural processing links to different temporal dynamics. Front. Psychol. 2011;151(2):1-14. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00151.
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00151
• dc.identifier.issn 1664-1078
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/25800
• dc.language.iso engca
• dc.publisher Frontiers Mediaca
• dc.relation.ispartof Frontiers in psychology. 2011;151(2):1-14
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PN/CSD2007-00012
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement//EC/FP7/269459
• dc.rights © 2011 Masquelier, Albantakis and Deco. This is an open-access article subject to a non-exclusive license between the authors and Frontiers Media SA, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and other Frontiers conditions are complied with.ca
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessca
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Vision
• dc.subject.keyword Attention
• dc.subject.keyword Spiking neurons
• dc.subject.keyword Neurodynamics
• dc.subject.keyword Oscillations
• dc.subject.keyword STDP
• dc.subject.keyword Neural coding
• dc.subject.keyword Decision making
• dc.title The timing of vision - how neural processing links to different temporal dynamicsca
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/articleca
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionca