ZPiE: Zero-knowledge proofs in embedded systems

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  • dc.contributor.author Salleras, Xavier
  • dc.contributor.author Daza, Vanesa
  • dc.date.accessioned 2022-02-23T13:45:27Z
  • dc.date.available 2022-02-23T13:45:27Z
  • dc.date.issued 2021
  • dc.description.abstract Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are cryptographic primitives allowing a party to prove to another party that the former knows some information while keeping it secret. Such a premise can lead to the development of numerous privacy-preserving protocols in different scenarios, like proving knowledge of some credentials to a server without leaking the identity of the user. Even when the applications of ZKPs were endless, they were not exploited in the wild for a couple of decades due to the fact that computing and verifying proofs was too computationally expensive. However, the advent of efficient schemes (in particular, zk-SNARKs) made this primitive to break into the scene in fields like cryptocurrencies, smart-contracts, and more recently, self-sovereign scenarios: private-by design identity management and authentication. Nevertheless, its adoption in environments like the Internet of Things (IoT) remains unexplored due to the computational limitations of embedded systems. In this paper, we introduce ZPiE, a C library intended to create ZKP applications to be executed in embedded systems. Its main feature is portability: it can be compiled, executed, and used out-of-the-box in a wide variety of devices. Moreover, our proof-of-concept has been proved to work smoothly in different devices with limited resources, which can execute state-of-the-art ZKP authentication protocols.
  • dc.description.sponsorship This research was funded by Project RTI2018-102112-B-100 (AEI/FEDER, UE) and H2020 PRESENT Grant Agreement Nº 856879.
  • dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
  • dc.identifier.citation Salleras X, Daza V. ZPiE: Zero-knowledge proofs in embedded systems. Mathematics. 2021;9(20):2569. DOI: 10.3390/math9202569
  • dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9202569
  • dc.identifier.issn 2227-7390
  • dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52553
  • dc.language.iso eng
  • dc.publisher MDPI
  • dc.relation.ispartof Mathematics. 2021;9(20):2569.
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/856879
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/RTI2018-102112-B-100
  • dc.rights © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
  • dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  • dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • dc.subject.keyword Zero-Knowledge Proofs
  • dc.subject.keyword SNARKs
  • dc.subject.keyword embedded systems
  • dc.subject.keyword applied cryptography
  • dc.title ZPiE: Zero-knowledge proofs in embedded systems
  • dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
  • dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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