Excitatory-inhibitory homeostasis and diaschisis: tying the local and global scales in the post-stroke cortex

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• dc.contributor.author Santos, Francisco Páscoa dos
• dc.contributor.author Verschure, Paul F. M. J.
• dc.date.accessioned 2023-02-23T07:07:18Z
• dc.date.available 2023-02-23T07:07:18Z
• dc.date.issued 2022
• dc.description.abstract Maintaining a balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity is an essential feature of neural networks of the neocortex. In the face of perturbations in the levels of excitation to cortical neurons, synapses adjust to maintain excitatory-inhibitory (EI) balance. In this review, we summarize research on this EI homeostasis in the neocortex, using stroke as our case study, and in particular the loss of excitation to distant cortical regions after focal lesions. Widespread changes following a localized lesion, a phenomenon known as diaschisis, are not only related to excitability, but also observed with respect to functional connectivity. Here, we highlight the main findings regarding the evolution of excitability and functional cortical networks during the process of post-stroke recovery, and how both are related to functional recovery. We show that cortical reorganization at a global scale can be explained from the perspective of EI homeostasis. Indeed, recovery of functional networks is paralleled by increases in excitability across the cortex. These adaptive changes likely result from plasticity mechanisms such as synaptic scaling and are linked to EI homeostasis, providing a possible target for future therapeutic strategies in the process of rehabilitation. In addition, we address the difficulty of simultaneously studying these multiscale processes by presenting recent advances in large-scale modeling of the human cortex in the contexts of stroke and EI homeostasis, suggesting computational modeling as a powerful tool to tie the meso- and macro-scale processes of recovery in stroke patients.
• dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the EU projects euSNN (MSCA-ITN-ETN H2020—ID 860563), Virtual Brain Cloud (H2020 ID 826421), ReHyb (H2020—ID 871767), and RGS@HOME (H2020—EIT Health—ID 19277).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Páscoa dos Santos F, Verschure PFMJ. Excitatory-inhibitory homeostasis and diaschisis: tying the local and global scales in the post-stroke cortex. Front Syst Neurosci. 2022;15:806544. DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.806544
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.806544
• dc.identifier.issn 1662-5137
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/55873
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Frontiers
• dc.relation.ispartof Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 2022;15:806544.
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/860563
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/826421
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/871767
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/19277
• dc.rights © 2022 Páscoa dos Santos and Verschure. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword stroke
• dc.subject.keyword diaschisis
• dc.subject.keyword cortical reorganization
• dc.subject.keyword functional networks
• dc.subject.keyword excitability
• dc.subject.keyword homeostatic plasticity
• dc.subject.keyword Excitatory-inhibitory balance
• dc.title Excitatory-inhibitory homeostasis and diaschisis: tying the local and global scales in the post-stroke cortex
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion