How is cervical cancer screening information communicated in UK websites? Cross-sectional analysis of content and quantitative presentation formats
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- dc.contributor.author Okan, Yasmina
- dc.contributor.author Smith, Samuel G.
- dc.contributor.author Bruine de Bruin, Wändi
- dc.date.accessioned 2023-02-24T07:04:53Z
- dc.date.available 2023-02-24T07:04:53Z
- dc.date.issued 2019
- dc.description.abstract Objectives To investigate whether UK websites about cervical cancer screening targeted to the public include (1) information about benefits and risks of screening, possible screening results and cervical cancer statistics, (2) quantitative presentation formats recommended in the risk communication literature and (3) appeals for participation and/or informed decision-making. Design Cross-sectional analysis of websites using a comprehensive checklist of information items on screening benefits, risks, possible results and cervical cancer statistics. Outcome measures We recorded the number of websites that contained each of the information items, and the presentation format used for probabilistic information (no quantification provided, verbal quantifiers only, different types of numerical formats and/or graphs). We also recorded the number of websites containing appeals for participation and/or informed decision-making. Setting Websites were identified through the most common Google search terms used in the UK to find information on cervical screening, according to GoogleTrends and a commercial internet-monitoring programme. Two additional websites were identified by the authors as relevant. Results After applying exclusion criteria, 14 websites were evaluated, including websites of public and private health service providers, charities, a medical society and a pharmacy. The websites mentioned different benefits, risks of screening and possible results. However, specific content varied between websites. Probabilistic information was often presented using non-recommended formats, including relative risk reductions to express screening benefits, and verbal quantifiers without numbers to express risks. Appeals for participation were present in most websites, with almost half also mentioning informed decision-making. Conclusions UK websites about cervical cancer screening were generally balanced. However, benefits and risks were presented using different formats, potentially hindering comparisons. Additionally, recommendations from the literature to facilitate understanding of quantitative information and facilitate informed decisions were often not followed. Designing websites that adhere to existing recommendations may support informed screening uptake.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Okan Y, Smith SG, Bruine de Bruin W. How is cervical cancer screening information communicated in UK websites? Cross-sectional analysis of content and quantitative presentation formats. BMJ Open. 2019;9(10):e029551. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029551
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029551
- dc.identifier.issn 2044-6055
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/55916
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher BMJ Publishing Group
- dc.relation.ispartof BMJ Open. 2019;9(10):e029551.
- dc.rights © Okan Y, Smith SG, Bruine de Bruin W. “This article was published in BMJ Open following peer review and can also be viewed on the journal’s website at http://bmjopen.bmj.com” Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.subject.other Càncer--Imatgeria
- dc.subject.other Comunicació--Gran Bretanya
- dc.title How is cervical cancer screening information communicated in UK websites? Cross-sectional analysis of content and quantitative presentation formats
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion