​Integrating when and what information in the left parietal lobule allows language rule generalization

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  • dc.contributor.author Orpella, Joan
  • dc.contributor.author Ripollés, Pablo
  • dc.contributor.author Ruzzoli, Manuela
  • dc.contributor.author Amengual, Julià L.
  • dc.contributor.author Callejas, Alicia
  • dc.contributor.author Martinez-Alvarez, Anna
  • dc.contributor.author Soto-Faraco, Salvador, 1970-
  • dc.contributor.author de Diego-Balaguer, Ruth
  • dc.date.accessioned 2021-03-10T08:10:17Z
  • dc.date.available 2021-03-10T08:10:17Z
  • dc.date.issued 2020
  • dc.description.abstract A crucial aspect when learning a language is discovering the rules that govern how words are combined in order to convey meanings. Because rules are characterized by sequential co-occurrences between elements (e.g., “These cupcakes are unbelievable”), tracking the statistical relationships between these elements is fundamental. However, purely bottom-up statistical learning alone cannot fully account for the ability to create abstract rule representations that can be generalized, a paramount requirement of linguistic rules. Here, we provide evidence that, after the statistical relations between words have been extracted, the engagement of goal-directed attention is key to enable rule generalization. Incidental learning performance during a rule-learning task on an artificial language revealed a progressive shift from statistical learning to goal-directed attention. In addition, and consistent with the recruitment of attention, functional MRI (fMRI) analyses of late learning stages showed left parietal activity within a broad bilateral dorsal frontoparietal network. Critically, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on participants’ peak of activation within the left parietal cortex impaired their ability to generalize learned rules to a structurally analogous new language. No stimulation or rTMS on a nonrelevant brain region did not have the same interfering effect on generalization. Performance on an additional attentional task showed that this rTMS on the parietal site hindered participants’ ability to integrate “what” (stimulus identity) and “when” (stimulus timing) information about an expected target. The present findings suggest that learning rules from speech is a two-stage process: following statistical learning, goal-directed attention—involving left parietal regions—integrates “what” and “when” stimulus information to facilitate rapid rule generalization.
  • dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the European Research Council grant ERC-StG-313841 (TuningLang) and the BFU2017-87109-P Grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (RdD-B) which is part of Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (Co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. ERDF, a way to build Europe), the European Research Council (Proof of Concept, ERC, 727595) (SS-F), the Juan de la Cierva Post-Doctorate Fellowship (JCI-2012-12335, Ministerio de Economia y Competividad) (MR) and CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
  • dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
  • dc.identifier.citation Orpella J, Ripollés P, Ruzzoli M, Amengual JL, Callejas A, Martinez-Alvarez A, Soto-Faraco S, de Diego-Balaguer R. Integrating when and what information in the left parietal lobe allows language rule generalization. PLoS Biol. 2020 Nov 2;18(11):e3000895. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000895
  • dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000895
  • dc.identifier.issn 1544-9173
  • dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46717
  • dc.language.iso eng
  • dc.publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • dc.relation.ispartof PLoS Biol. 2020 Nov 2;18(11):e3000895
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/BFU2017-87109-P
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/JCI2012-12335
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/ERC/313841
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/ERC/727595
  • dc.rights © 2020 Orpella et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
  • dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  • dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • dc.subject.keyword Language acquisition
  • dc.subject.keyword Transcranial magnetic stimulation
  • dc.subject.keyword Functional magnetic resonance imaging
  • dc.title ​Integrating when and what information in the left parietal lobule allows language rule generalization
  • dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
  • dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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