Phrase-Level modeling of expression in violin performances

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• dc.contributor.author Ortega, Fabio J. M.
• dc.contributor.author Giraldo, Sergio
• dc.contributor.author Pérez Carrillo, Alfonso Antonio, 1977-
• dc.contributor.author Ramírez, Rafael,1966-
• dc.date.accessioned 2019-11-06T12:26:19Z
• dc.date.available 2019-11-06T12:26:19Z
• dc.date.issued 2019
• dc.description.abstract Background: Expression is a key skill in music performance, and one that is difficult to address in music lessons. Computational models that learn from expert performances can help providing suggestions and feedback to students. Aim: We propose and analyze an approach to modeling variations in dynamics and note onset timing for solo violin pieces with the purpose of facilitating expressive performance learning in new pieces, for which no reference performance is available. Method: The method generates phrase–level predictions based on musical score information on the assumption that expressiveness is idiomatic, and thus influenced by similar–sounding melodies. Predictions were evaluated numerically using three different datasets and against note–level machine–learning models, and also perceptually by listeners, who were presented to synthesized versions of musical excerpts, and asked to choose the most human–sounding one. Some of the presented excerpts were synthesized to reflect the variations in dynamics and timing predicted by the model, whereas others were shaped to reflect the dynamics and timing of an actual expert performance, and a third group was presented with no expressive variations. Results: surprisingly, none of the three synthesized versions was consistently selected as human–like nor preferred with statistical significance by listeners. Possible interpretations of these results include the fact that the melodies might have been impossible to interpret outside their musical context, or that expressive features that were left out of the modeling such as note articulation and vibrato are, in fact, essential to the perception of expression in violin performance. Positive feedback by some listeners toward the modeled melodies in a blind setting indicate that the modeling approach was capable of generating appropriate renditions at least for a subset of the data. Numerically, performance in phrase–level suffers a small degradation if compared to note–level, but produces predictions easier to interpret visually, thus more useful in a pedagogical setting.
• dc.description.sponsorship This work has been partly sponsored by the Spanish TIN project TIMUL (TIN 2013-48152-C2-2-R), the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 688269 (TELMI project), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2015-0502).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Ortega FJM, Giraldo SI, Perez A, Ramírez R. Phrase-Level modeling of expression in violin performances. Front Psychol. 2019,10:776. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00776
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00776
• dc.identifier.issn 1664-1078
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/42767
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Frontiers
• dc.relation.ispartof Frontiers in Psychology. 2019,10:776.
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/688269
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/TIN 2013-48152-C2-2-R
• dc.rights © 2019 Ortega, Giraldo, Perez and Ramírez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Expressive music performance
• dc.subject.keyword Machine learning
• dc.subject.keyword Music information retrieval
• dc.subject.keyword Violin
• dc.subject.keyword Music pedagogy
• dc.title Phrase-Level modeling of expression in violin performances
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion