The Moving Mandala: exploring the pro-social effects of musical and non-musical synchrony in children in a virtual world

Cross, Liam; Parés, Narcís, 1966-; Galí Pérez, Olga; Ercan, Sena Beste; Sayis, Batuhan; Heaton, Pamela; Atherton, Gray

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15030039

The Moving Mandala: exploring the pro-social effects of musical and non-musical synchrony in children in a virtual world

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Cross L, Pares N, Gali O, Ercan SB, Sayis B, Heaton P, et al. The Moving Mandala: exploring the pro-social effects of musical and non-musical synchrony in children in a virtual world. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2025 Mar 19;15(3):39. DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe15030039

Abstract

Synchronous movement between individuals has been shown to increase pro-sociality, such as closeness and generosity. To date, synchrony research tests these effects using a variety of movement tasks, including musical and non-musical coordination. However, musical versus non-musical synchrony may have separable pro-social effects. To test this, we had 60 children immersed in an augmented reality space called the ‘Moving Mandala’ where they moved asynchronously with only visual cues, synchronously with only visual cues or synchronously with musical and visual cues. We then tested for differences in pro-social effects using sharing and proxemics tasks. Results showed that while the synchrony version of the mandala led to greater closeness in the proxemics task, the musical synchrony led to more pro-sociality on the sharing task. The implications of these findings are discussed.