Plasma lipidomic profiling and risk of type 2 diabetes in the PREDIMED trial

Razquin, Cristina; Fitó Colomer, Montserrat; Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, 1957-

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0840

Plasma lipidomic profiling and risk of type 2 diabetes in the PREDIMED trial

Citation

Razquin C, Toledo E, Clish CB, Ruiz-Canela M, Dennis C, Corella D. et al. Plasma lipidomic profiling and risk of type 2 diabetes in the PREDIMED trial. Diabetes Care. 2018 Dec;41(12):2617-2624. DOI 10.2337/dc18-0840

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Specific lipid molecular changes leading to type 2 diabetes (T2D) are largely unknown. We assessed lipidome factors associated with future occurrence of T2D in a population at high cardiovascular risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a case-cohort study nested within the PREDIMED trial, with 250 incident T2D cases diagnosed during 3.8 years of median follow-up, and a random sample of 692 participants (639 noncases and 53 overlapping cases) without T2D at baseline. We repeatedly measured 207 plasma known lipid metabolites at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. We built combined factors of lipid species using principal component analysis and assessed the association between these lipid factors (or their 1-year changes) and T2D incidence. RESULTS: Baseline lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lysophospholipids [LPs]), phosphatidylcholine-plasmalogens (PC-PLs), sphingomyelins (SMs), and cholesterol esters (CEs) were inversely associated with risk of T2D (multivariable-adjusted P for linear trend ≤0.001 for all). Baseline triacylglycerols (TAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) were positively associated with T2D risk (multivariable-adjusted P for linear trend <0.001 for all). One-year changes in these lipids showed associations in similar directions but were not significant after adjustment for baseline levels. TAGs with odd-chain fatty acids showed inverse associations with T2D after adjusting for total TAGs. CONCLUSIONS: Two plasma lipid profiles made up of different lipid classes were found to be associated with T2D in participants at high cardiovascular risk. A profile including LPs, PC-PLs, SMs, and CEs was associated with lower T2D risk. Another profile composed of TAGs, DAGs, and PEs was associated with higher T2D risk.