Prognostic value of soluble AXL in serum from heart failure patients with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

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  • dc.contributor.author Cristóbal, Helena
  • dc.contributor.author Enjuanes Grau, Cristina
  • dc.contributor.author Batlle, Montserrat
  • dc.contributor.author Tajes Orduña, Marta
  • dc.contributor.author Campos, Begoña
  • dc.contributor.author Francesch Manzano, Josep
  • dc.contributor.author Moliner Borja, Pedro
  • dc.contributor.author Farrero, Marta
  • dc.contributor.author Andrea, Rut
  • dc.contributor.author Ortiz-Pérez, Jose-Tomás
  • dc.contributor.author Morales, Albert
  • dc.contributor.author Sabaté, Manel
  • dc.contributor.author Comín Colet, Josep
  • dc.contributor.author García de Frutos, Pablo
  • dc.date.accessioned 2024-05-13T08:06:55Z
  • dc.date.available 2024-05-13T08:06:55Z
  • dc.date.issued 2023
  • dc.description.abstract Heart failure (HF) is classified according to the degree of reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) in HF with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved EF. Biomarkers could behave differently depending on EF type. Here, we analyze the soluble form of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (sAXL) in HF patients with reduced and preserved EF. Two groups of HF patients with reduced (HFrEF; n = 134) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; n = 134) were included in this prospective observational study, with measurements of candidate biomarkers and functional, clinical, and echocardiographic variables. A Cox regression model was used to determine predictors for clinical events: cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. sAXL circulating values predicted outcome in HF: for a 1.0 ng/mL increase in serum sAXL, the mortality hazard ratio (HR) was 1.019 for HFrEF (95% CI 1.000 to 1.038) and 1.032 for HFpEF (95% CI 1.013 to 1.052). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, sAXL and NT-proBNP were independent markers for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in HFpEF. In contrast, only NT-proBNP remained significant in the HFrEF group. When analyzing the event-free survival at a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, HFrEF and HFpEF patients in the higher quartile of sAXL had a reduced survival time. Interestingly, sAXL is a reliable predictor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality only in the HFpEF cohort. The results suggest an important role for AXL in HFpEF, supporting sAXL evaluation in larger clinical studies and pointing to AXL as a potential target for HF therapy.
  • dc.description.sponsorship This research was funded by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Projects# RTI2018-095672-B-I00 and PID2021-123564OB-I00 to P.G.d.F. and A.M.) co-funded by European Union (ERDF “A way to make Europe”); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (AEPP2021) and Fundació la Marató de TV3 (202133-32) to P.G.d.F and A.M.
  • dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
  • dc.identifier.citation Cristóbal H, Enjuanes C, Batlle M, Tajes M, Campos B, Francesch J, et al. Prognostic value of soluble AXL in serum from heart failure patients with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. J Pers Med. 2023 Feb 28;13(3):446. DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030446
  • dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030446
  • dc.identifier.issn 2075-4426
  • dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/60113
  • dc.language.iso eng
  • dc.publisher MDPI
  • dc.relation.ispartof J Pers Med. 2023 Feb 28;13(3):446
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/RTI2018-095672-B-I00
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021-123564OB-I00
  • dc.relation.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • dc.rights © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
  • dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  • dc.subject.keyword Biomarker
  • dc.subject.keyword Cardiovascular disease
  • dc.subject.keyword Heart failure
  • dc.subject.keyword Preserved ejection fraction
  • dc.subject.keyword Prognosis
  • dc.subject.keyword Receptor tyrosine kinase
  • dc.subject.keyword sAXL
  • dc.title Prognostic value of soluble AXL in serum from heart failure patients with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
  • dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
  • dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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