La atribución de responsabilidad a un Estado por operaciones llevadas a cabo por actores no estatales en el ciberespacio : hacia una interpretación extensiva del umbral de "control efectivo"

López Hernández, Ricardo

La atribución de responsabilidad a un Estado por operaciones llevadas a cabo por actores no estatales en el ciberespacio : hacia una interpretación extensiva del umbral de "control efectivo"

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López Hernández, R. La atribución de responsabilidad a un Estado por operaciones llevadas a cabo por actores no estatales en el ciberespacio : hacia una interpretación extensiva del umbral de "control efectivo". 2020. handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10230/45206

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Abstract

The attribution of responsibility to a State has traditionally been regulated by International Law rules. The articles contained in the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (2001) apply to operations carried out in or through cyberspace. This is stated in Chapter 4 of the Tallinn Manual 2.0 (2017), a non-binding, soft-law text. The “effective control” rule, proposed by the ICJ in the Nicaragua Case, is employed in the process of attributing responsibility to a State for cyber operations carried out covertly through Non-State Actors. The object of this research is to analyze the attribution of those that cannot be considered armed attacks. But this rule of “effective control” was not conceived for attribution in cyberspace, and this generates several problems, such as the difficult determination of the link due to the anonymity that operates in cyberspace, and the limited access to countermeasures that the injured State has since responsibility cannot be attributed. To this end, the extension of the “effective control” threshold is proposed as the main solution.