Social inequalities in child mental health trajectories: a longitudinal study using birth cohort data 12 countries

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• dc.contributor.author Cadman, Tim
• dc.contributor.author Guxens Junyent, Mònica
• dc.contributor.author Julvez, Jordi
• dc.contributor.author Strandberg-Larsen, Katrine
• dc.date.accessioned 2024-11-26T07:34:46Z
• dc.date.available 2024-11-26T07:34:46Z
• dc.date.issued 2024
• dc.description.abstract Background: Social inequalities in child mental health are an important public health concern. Whilst previous studies have examined inequalities at a single time point, very few have used repeated measures outcome data to describe how these inequalities emerge. Our aims were to describe social inequalities in child internalising and externalising problems across multiple countries and to explore how these inequalities change as children age. Methods: We used longitudinal data from eight birth cohorts containing participants from twelve countries (Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom). The number of included children in each cohort ranged from N = 584 (Greece) to N = 73,042 (Norway), with a total sample of N = 149,604. Child socio-economic circumstances (SEC) were measured using self-reported maternal education at birth. Child mental health outcomes were internalising and externalising problems measured using either the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or the Child Behavior Checklist. The number of data collection waves in each cohort ranged from two to seven, with the mean child age ranging from two to eighteen years old. We modelled the slope index of inequality (SII) using sex-stratified multi-level models. Results: For almost all cohorts, at the earliest age of measurement children born into more deprived SECs had higher internalising and externalising scores than children born to less deprived SECs. For example, in Norway at age 2 years, boys born to mothers of lower education had an estimated 0.3 (95% CI 0.3, 0.4) standard deviation higher levels of internalising problems (SII) compared to children born to mothers with high education. The exceptions were for boys in Australia (age 2) and both sexes in Greece (age 6), where we observed minimal social inequalities. In UK, Denmark and Netherlands inequalities decreased as children aged, however for other countries (France, Norway, Australia and Crete) inequalities were heterogeneous depending on child sex and outcome. For all countries except France inequalities remained at the oldest point of measurement. Conclusions: Social inequalities in internalising and externalising problems were evident across a range of EU countries, with inequalities emerging early and generally persisting throughout childhood.
• dc.description.sponsorship Open access funding provided by Copenhagen University. This work was supported by funding from the Horizon 2020 LifeCycle (733206), ATHLETE (874583) and EUCAN-Connect (824989) projects. Tim Cadman was supported by a Marie Curie‐Sklodowska Individual Fellowship (URBINEX, 120616). Tanja A.J. Houweling was supported by a grant from the Dutch Research Council (NWO grant number NWA.1238.18.001). REW is funded by the Norwegian Regional Health Authority South‐East (2020024). Ashleigh Lin is funded by a NHMRC Investigator Grant (2010063). Jennie Carson is supported by NHMRC EU (Grant Number 114285). DTR is supported by the NIHR on a Research Professorship (NIHR 302438); and by the NIHR School for Public Health Research and Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre. BK is the Else Kröner Seniorprofessor of Paediatrics at LMU – University of Munich, financially supported by the charitable Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Foundation, LMU Medical Faculty and LMU University Hospitals. Mònica Guxens was funded by a Miguel Servet II fellowship (CPII18/00018) awarded by the Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III. We acknowledge support from the grant CEX2018‐000806‐S funded by MCIN/AEI/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Cadman T, Avraam D, Carson J, Elhakeem A, Grote V, Guerlich K, et al. Social inequalities in child mental health trajectories: a longitudinal study using birth cohort data 12 countries. BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 22;24(1):2930. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20291-5
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20291-5
• dc.identifier.issn 1471-2458
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/68817
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher BioMed Central
• dc.relation.ispartof BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 22;24(1):2930
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/733206
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/874583
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/824989
• dc.rights © The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Child mental health
• dc.subject.keyword Externalising problems
• dc.subject.keyword Internalising problems
• dc.subject.keyword Social inequalities
• dc.subject.keyword Socio‐economic circumstances
• dc.subject.keyword Socio‐economic position
• dc.subject.keyword Trajectories
• dc.title Social inequalities in child mental health trajectories: a longitudinal study using birth cohort data 12 countries
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion