Genomic analysis of the natural history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using Neanderthal and ancient Homo sapiens samples
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- dc.contributor.author Esteller Cucala, Paula
- dc.contributor.author Maceda Porto, Iago, 1986-
- dc.contributor.author Børglum, Anders D.
- dc.contributor.author Demontis, Ditte
- dc.contributor.author Faraone, Stephen V.
- dc.contributor.author Cormand, Bru
- dc.contributor.author Lao Grueso, Oscar, 1976-
- dc.date.accessioned 2020-10-22T06:28:38Z
- dc.date.available 2020-10-22T06:28:38Z
- dc.date.issued 2020
- dc.description.abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an impairing neurodevelopmental condition highly prevalent in current populations. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this paradox, mainly in the context of the Paleolithic versus Neolithic cultural shift but especially within the framework of the mismatch theory. This theory elaborates on how a particular trait once favoured in an ancient environment might become maladaptive upon environmental changes. However, given the lack of genomic data available for ADHD, these theories have not been empirically tested. We took advantage of the largest GWAS meta-analysis available for this disorder consisting of over 20,000 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and 35,000 controls, to assess the evolution of ADHD-associated alleles in European populations using archaic, ancient and modern human samples. We also included Approximate Bayesian computation coupled with deep learning analyses and singleton density scores to detect human adaptation. Our analyses indicate that ADHD-associated alleles are enriched in loss of function intolerant genes, supporting the role of selective pressures in this early-onset phenotype. Furthermore, we observed that the frequency of variants associated with ADHD has steadily decreased since Paleolithic times, particularly in Paleolithic European populations compared to samples from the Neolithic Fertile Crescent. We demonstrate this trend cannot be explained by African admixture nor Neanderthal introgression, since introgressed Neanderthal alleles are enriched in ADHD risk variants. All analyses performed support the presence of long-standing selective pressures acting against ADHD-associated alleles until recent times. Overall, our results are compatible with the mismatch theory for ADHD but suggest a much older time frame for the evolution of ADHD-associated alleles compared to previous hypotheses.
- dc.description.sponsorship We acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Generalitat de Catalunya through Departament de Salut and Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement, the co-funding by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) corresponding to the 2014-2020 Smart Growth Operating Program. O.L. gratefully acknowledges the financial support from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) - RYC-2013-14797, BFU2015-68759-P and PGC2018-098574-B-I00, Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia) - GRC 2017 SGR 937, EC | EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Personalising Health and Care) - 667302 and EC | EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action: Innovative Training Networks, ITN) - 643051. P.E.-C. gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the Government of Catalonia | Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (Agency for Management of University and Research Grants) - FI_B1_00113. I.M. gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the Government of Catalonia | Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (Agency for Management of University and Research Grants) - GRC 2014 SGR 615. A.D.B. and D.D. were supported by the Lundbeck Foundation (grant numbers R102-A9118 and R155-2014-1724). S.V.F. was supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under grant agreement - 602805, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreements 667302 & 728018 and NIMH grants 5R01MH101519 and U01 MH109536-01. B.C. gratefully acknowledges the financial support from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) - SAF2015-68341-R and RTI2018-100968-B-100, Generalitat de Catalunya | Agaur (Government of Catalonia) - GRC 2017 SGR 738, EC | EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Personalising Health and Care) - 667302, EC | EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action: Innovative Training Networks, ITN) - 643051 and EC | EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Proramme (Sustainable Food Security - Resilient and Resource - Efficient Value Chains) - 728018
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Esteller-Cucala P, Maceda I, Børglum AD, Demontis D, Faraone SV, Cormand B, Lao O. Genomic analysis of the natural history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using Neanderthal and ancient Homo sapiens samples. Sci Rep. 2020 May 25; 10(1): 8622. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65322-4
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65322-4
- dc.identifier.issn 2045-2322
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/45557
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Nature Research
- dc.relation.ispartof Scientific Reports. 2020 May 25;10(1):8622
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/667302
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/643051
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/667302
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/728018
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/667302
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/643051
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/728018
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/602805
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/RYC-2013-14797
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/BFU2015-68759-P
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/SAF2015-68341-R
- dc.rights © Paula Esteller-Cucala et al 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.subject.other Genòmica
- dc.subject.other Trastorn per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat
- dc.subject.other Home de Neandertal
- dc.subject.other Home
- dc.title Genomic analysis of the natural history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using Neanderthal and ancient Homo sapiens samples
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion