Measurement of airborne nicotine, as a marker of secondhand smoke exposure, in homes with residents who smoke in 9 European countries

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• dc.contributor.author Henderson, Elisabet
• dc.contributor.author Fernández, Esteve
• dc.contributor.author López, Maria José
• dc.contributor.author Radu-Loghin, Cornel
• dc.contributor.author Nguyen, Dominick
• dc.contributor.author Starchenko, Polina
• dc.contributor.author García Castillo, Elena
• dc.date.accessioned 2023-03-13T11:45:44Z
• dc.date.available 2023-03-13T11:45:44Z
• dc.date.issued 2023
• dc.description.abstract Smoke-free policies are effective in preventing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, but their adoption at home remains largely voluntary. This study aimed to quantify SHS exposure in homes with residents who smoke in Europe according to households’ characteristics, tobacco consumption habits, and national contextual factors. Cross-sectional study (March 2017–September 2018) based on measurements of air nicotine inside 162 homes with residents who smoke from nine European countries. We installed passive samplers for seven consecutive days to monitor nicotine concentrations. Through self-administered questionnaires, we collected sociodemographic information and the number of individuals who smoke, smoking rules, frequency, location, and quantity of tobacco use in households. Country-level factors included the overall score in the Tobacco Control Scale 2016, the smoking prevalence, and self-reported SHS exposure prevalence. Nicotine concentrations were analyzed as continuous and dichotomous variables, categorized based on the limit of quantification of 0.02 μg/m3. Overall, median nicotine concentration was 0.85 μg/m3 (interquartile range (IQR):0.15–4.42), and there was nicotine presence in 93% of homes. Participants reported that smoking was not permitted in approximately 20% of households, 40% had two or more residents who smoked, and in 79% residents had smoked inside during the week of sampling. We found higher nicotine concentrations in homes: with smell of tobacco smoke inside (1.45 μg/m3 IQR: 0.32–6.34), where smoking was allowed (1.60 μg/m3 IQR: 0.68–7.63), with two or more residents who smoked (2.42 μg/m3 IQR: 0.58–11.0), with more than 40 cigarettes smoked (2.92 μg/m3 IQR: 0.97–10.61), and where two or more residents smoked inside (4.02 μg/m3 IQR: 1.58–11.74). Household nicotine concentrations were significantly higher in countries with higher national smoking prevalence and self-reported SHS exposure prevalence (p < 0.05). SHS concentrations in homes with individuals who smoke were approximately twenty times higher in homes that allowed smoking compared to those reporting smoke-free household rules. Evidence-based interventions promoting smoke-free homes should be implemented in combination with strengthening other MPOWER measures.
• dc.description.sponsorship This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 681040. The work of SG was partially supported by the Italian League Against Cancer (LILT, Milan). EF is partly supported by Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (2017SGR319) and by the Instituto Carlos III and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (INT16/00211 and INT17/00103), Government of Spain.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Henderson E, Rodriguez LA, Continente X, Fernández E, Tigova O, Cortés-Francisco N, et al. Measurement of airborne nicotine, as a marker of secondhand smoke exposure, in homes with residents who smoke in 9 European countries. Environmental Research. 2023 Feb 15;219:115118. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115118
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.115118
• dc.identifier.issn 0013-9351
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/56194
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Environmental Research. 2023 Feb 15;219:115118
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/681040
• dc.rights © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Tobacco smoke pollution
• dc.subject.keyword Airborne nicotine
• dc.subject.keyword Questionnaire
• dc.subject.keyword Home
• dc.subject.keyword Smoke-free policies
• dc.subject.keyword National-level factors
• dc.title Measurement of airborne nicotine, as a marker of secondhand smoke exposure, in homes with residents who smoke in 9 European countries
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion