Gender gap in unhealthy life expectancy: the role of education among adults aged 45+

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• dc.contributor.author Solé Auró, Aïda
• dc.contributor.author Zueras, Pilar
• dc.contributor.author Lozano, Mariona
• dc.contributor.author Rentería, Elisenda
• dc.date.accessioned 2023-05-09T06:18:49Z
• dc.date.available 2023-05-09T06:18:49Z
• dc.date.issued 2022
• dc.description.abstract Objectives: This paper examines the gender gap in unhealthy life expectancy across education levels and age in Spain to understand the extent to which the gender paradox exists over education and across ages. Methods: Death registrations and vital status were taken from the Spanish Statistical Office, while the three health measures (chronic conditions, bad-self rated health and cognitive impairment) from the 2019 European Health Interview Survey. We used Sullivan’s method to compute unhealthy life expectancy by education level. We computed the gender and the education ratios of the proportion of unhealthy life years in each health measure by education and age. Results: At almost all ages and all education levels, women significantly lived longer but in poorer health than men. Marked gender differences are seen across most age-groups, particularly among the low educated. We detected greater health inequalities by education level for women (confirming the gender paradox) and a health gradient due to aging and across the health measures charting the disablement process. Conclusion: The new education distribution might improve the unhealthy life expectancy and might reduce the gender gap in the number of years spent in poor health.
• dc.description.sponsorship The authors acknowledge funding from different sources. AS-A acknowledges funding from the Department of Political and Social Sciences at Pompeu Fabra University. PZ acknowledges funding by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) through the Research Centre on Micro-Social Change (MiSoC) at the University of Essex (ES/S012486/1), and by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018- 096730-B-I00). ER acknowledges funding from the Programa Estatal de Promoción del Talento y su Empleabilidad, Subprograma Estatal de Formación y en el Subprograma Estatal de Incorporación: Ayudas para Contratos Ramón y Cajal 2017 [grant number RYC-2017-22586], and was supported by the H2020-ERC-2019-CoG-GA No 864616- HEALIN Project and from CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya. ML acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, National R&D; I Plan QUALYLIFE (PID2019-111666RJ-I00), GLOBFAM (RTI2018-096730-B-I00) and COMORHEALTHSES (PID2020-113934RB-I00); and support from CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Solé-Auró A, Zueras P, Lozano M, Rentería E. Gender gap in unhealthy life expectancy: the role of education among adults aged 45+. Int J Public Health. 2022;67:1604946. DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604946
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604946
• dc.identifier.issn 1661-8556
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/56725
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Frontiers
• dc.relation.ispartof International Journal of Public Health. 2022;67:1604946.
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/864616
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/RTI2018-096730-B-I00
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/RYC-2017-22586
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/PID2019-111666RJ-I00
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/PID2020-113934RB-I00
• dc.rights © 2022 Solé-Auró, Zueras, Lozano and Rentería. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword population health
• dc.subject.keyword gender paradox
• dc.subject.keyword disablement process
• dc.subject.keyword education gradient
• dc.subject.keyword Spain
• dc.title Gender gap in unhealthy life expectancy: the role of education among adults aged 45+
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion