Divergent COVID-19 vaccine policies: policy mapping of ten European countries
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- dc.contributor.author van Kessel, Robin
- dc.contributor.author Forman, Rebecca
- dc.contributor.author Milstein, Ricarda
- dc.contributor.author Mastylak, Alicja
- dc.contributor.author Czabanowska, Katarzyna
- dc.contributor.author Czypionka, Thomas
- dc.contributor.author Durand-Zaleski, Isabelle
- dc.contributor.author Hirche, Anja
- dc.contributor.author Krysinska-Pisarek, Magdalena
- dc.contributor.author Maynou Pujolràs, Laia
- dc.contributor.author Roberts, Bjelle
- dc.contributor.author Torbica, Aleksandra
- dc.contributor.author Vrangbæk, Karsten
- dc.contributor.author Wang, Yuxi
- dc.contributor.author Wouters, Olivier J.
- dc.contributor.author Mossialos, Elias
- dc.date.accessioned 2023-06-06T06:04:22Z
- dc.date.available 2023-06-06T06:04:22Z
- dc.date.issued 2023
- dc.description Supplementary material for the online appendix.
- dc.description.abstract The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the fragmented nature of governmental policy decisions in Europe. However, the extent to which COVID-19 vaccination policies differed between European countries remains unclear. Here, we mapped the COVID-19 vaccination policies that were in effect in January 2022 as well as booster regulations in April 2022 in Austria, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. National public health and health policy experts from these ten European nations developed and completed an electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire included a series of questions that addressed six critical components of vaccine implementation, including (1) authorization, (2) prioritization, (3) procurement and distribution, (4) data collection, (5) administration, and (6) mandate requirements. Our findings revealed significant variations in COVID-19 vaccination policies across Europe. We observed critical differences in COVID-19 vaccine formulations authorized for use, as well as the specific groups that were provided with priority access. We also identified discrepancies in how vaccination-related data were recorded in each country and what vaccination requirements were implemented. Each of the ten European nations surveyed in this study reported different COVID-19 vaccination policies. These differences complicated efforts to provide a coordinated pandemic response. These findings might alert policymakers in Europe of the need to coordinate their efforts to avoid fostering divergent and socially disruptive policies.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation van Kessel R, Forman R, Milstein R, Mastylak A, Czabanowska K, Czypionka T, et al. Divergent COVID-19 vaccine policies: policy mapping of ten European countries. Vaccine. 2023 Apr 24;41(17):2804-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.036
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.036
- dc.identifier.issn 0264-410X
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/57041
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Elsevier
- dc.relation.ispartof Vaccine. 2023 Apr 24;41(17):2804-10
- dc.rights © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword COVID-19
- dc.subject.keyword Policy
- dc.subject.keyword Policy monitoring
- dc.subject.keyword Policy analysis
- dc.subject.keyword Europe
- dc.subject.keyword Vaccines
- dc.title Divergent COVID-19 vaccine policies: policy mapping of ten European countries
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion