Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and environmental determinants of vitamin D levels in pregnant women in Spain

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• dc.contributor.author Llopis, Maria
• dc.contributor.author Sol Ventura, Paula
• dc.contributor.author Brachowicz, Nicolai
• dc.contributor.author Sangüesa, Júlia
• dc.contributor.author Murcia, Mario
• dc.contributor.author Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-José
• dc.contributor.author García-Baquero, Gonzalo
• dc.contributor.author Lertxundi, Aitana
• dc.contributor.author Vrijheid, Martine
• dc.contributor.author Casas Sanahuja, Maribel
• dc.contributor.author Petrone, Paula M.
• dc.date.accessioned 2024-02-15T07:10:34Z
• dc.date.available 2024-02-15T07:10:34Z
• dc.date.issued 2023
• dc.description.abstract Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL circulating levels) is a worldwide public health concern and pregnant women are especially vulnerable, affecting the health of the mother and the fetus. This study aims to evaluate the sociodemographic, lifestyle, and environmental determinants associated with circulating vitamin D levels in Spanish pregnant women. Methods: We used data from the Spanish INMA ("Infancia y Medio Ambiente") prospective birth cohort study from the regions of Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, and Valencia. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) was measured in plasma collected in the first trimester of pregnancy. Information on 108 determinants was gathered: 13 sociodemographic, 48 lifestyle including diet, smoking and physical activity, and 47 environmental variables, representing the urban and the chemical exposome. Association of the determinants with maternal 25(OH)D3 levels was estimated in single- and multiple-exposure models. Machine learning techniques were used to predict 25(OH)D3 levels below sufficiency (30 ng/mL). Results: The prevalence of < 30 ng/mL 25(OH)D3 levels was 51 %. In the single-exposure analysis, older age, higher socioeconomic status, taking vitamin D, B12 and other sup*plementation, and higher humidity, atmospheric pressure and UV rays were associated with higher levels of 25(OH)D3 (IQR increase of age: 1.2 [95 % CI: 0.6, 1.8] ng/mL 25(OH)D3). In the multiple-exposures model, most of these associations remained and others were revealed. Higher body mass index, PM2.5 and high deprivation area were associated with lower 25(OH)D3 levels (i.e., Quartile 4 of PM2.5 vs Q1: -3.6 [95 % CI: -5.6, -1.5] ng/mL of 25(OH)D3). History of allergy and asthma, being multiparous, intake of vegetable fat, vitamin B6, alcohol consumption and molybdenum were associated with higher levels. The machine learning classification model confirmed some of these associations. Conclusions: This comprehensive study shows that younger age, higher body mass index, higher deprived areas, higher air pollution and lower UV rays and humidity are associated with lower 25(OH)D3 levels.
• dc.description.sponsorship Data collection was partly funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-206) under grant agreement no. 308333 (HELIX project). The INMA project has been funded by the Health Institute Carlos III (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), the Network of Research Centers in Epidemiology and Public Health (Red de Centros de investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - RCESP) and CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), and in part by the “Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria”, the European Union’s 6th and 7th Framework Programmes (Hiwate, Escape, Hitea and Contamed projects), the Education and Science ministry, the Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) of Barcelona, the Fundació La Caixa, the Fundació Roger Torné, the Consejería de Salud de Andalucía, the Junta the Andalucía, the Conselleria de Sanitat de la Generalitat Valenciana, the CAJASTUR—Caja Asturias, the Spanish Association against the Cancer (AECC) (Delegación Provincial Asturias), the Departamento de Sanidad-Gobierno Vasco, the Diputación Floral de Gipuzkoa, the University of Oviedo, the KUTXA – Caja Gipuzkoa San Sebastián and the city councils of Zumarraga, Urretxu, Legazpi, Azpeitia, Beasain and Azkoitia in Gipuzkoa. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program CEX2018-000806-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program, and the Ministry of Research and Universities of the Government of Catalonia (2021 SGR 01563 HEALTH-ANALYTICS).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Llopis M, Ventura PS, Brachowicz N, Sangüesa J, Murcia M, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, García-Baquero G, Lertxundi A, Vrijheid M, Casas M, Petrone P. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and environmental determinants of vitamin D levels in pregnant women in Spain. Environ Int. 2023 Dec;182:108293. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108293
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108293
• dc.identifier.issn 0160-4120
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/59111
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Environ Int. 2023 Dec;182:108293
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308333
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/CEX2018-000806-S
• dc.rights © 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword 25-hydroxyvitamin D
• dc.subject.keyword Determinants
• dc.subject.keyword Exposome
• dc.subject.keyword Machine learning
• dc.subject.keyword Pregnancy
• dc.subject.keyword Vitamin D3
• dc.title Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and environmental determinants of vitamin D levels in pregnant women in Spain
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion