Outdoor blue spaces, human health and well-being: a systematic review of quantitative studies

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• dc.contributor.author Gascon Merlos, Mireia, 1984-ca
• dc.contributor.author Zijlema, Wilmaca
• dc.contributor.author Vert Roca, Cristina, 1991-ca
• dc.contributor.author White, Mathew P.ca
• dc.contributor.author Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.ca
• dc.date.accessioned 2017-11-15T09:05:00Z
• dc.date.issued 2017
• dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND: A growing number of quantitative studies have investigated the potential benefits of outdoor blue spaces (lakes, rivers, sea, etc) and human health, but there is not yet a systematic review synthesizing this evidence. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the current quantitative evidence on human health and well-being benefits of outdoor blue spaces. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis, observational and experimental quantitative studies focusing on both residential and non-residential outdoor blue space exposure were searched using specific keywords. RESULTS: In total 35 studies were included in the current systematic review, most of them being classified as of "good quality" (N=22). The balance of evidence suggested a positive association between greater exposure to outdoor blue spaces and both benefits to mental health and well-being (N=12 studies) and levels of physical activity (N=13 studies). The evidence of an association between outdoor blue space exposure and general health (N=6 studies), obesity (N=8 studies) and cardiovascular (N=4 studies) and related outcomes was less consistent. CONCLUSIONS: Although encouraging, there remains relatively few studies and a large degree of heterogeneity in terms of study design, exposure metrics and outcome measures, making synthesis difficult. Further research is needed using longitudinal research and natural experiments, preferably across a broader range of countries, to better understand the causal associations between blue spaces, health and wellbeing.
• dc.description.sponsorship This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 666773
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdfca
• dc.identifier.citation Gascon M, Zijlema W, Vert C, White MP, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Outdoor blue spaces, human health and well-being: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017 Nov;220(8):1207-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.08.004
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.08.004
• dc.identifier.issn 1438-4639
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/33228
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevierca
• dc.relation.ispartof International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2017 Nov;220(8):1207-21
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/666773
• dc.rights © Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.08.004
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.subject.other Vida a l'aire lliure
• dc.subject.other Salut
• dc.subject.other Benestar
• dc.title Outdoor blue spaces, human health and well-being: a systematic review of quantitative studiesca
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion