Longitudinal association of dietary carbohydrate quality with visceral fat deposition and other adiposity indicators

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• dc.contributor.author Zamanillo-Campos, Rocío
• dc.contributor.author Goday Arno, Alberto
• dc.contributor.author Konieczna, Jadwiga
• dc.date.accessioned 2023-01-31T08:44:01Z
• dc.date.available 2023-01-31T08:44:01Z
• dc.date.issued 2022
• dc.description.abstract Background & aims: the quality of dietary carbohydrates rather than total carbohydrate intake may determine the accumulation of visceral fat; however, to date, few studies have examined the impact of diet on adiposity using specific imaging techniques. Thus, the aim of this prospective study was to investigate the association between concurrent changes in carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and objectively-quantified adiposity distribution over a year. Methods: we analyzed a cohort of 1476 participants aged 55-75 years with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus randomized controlled trial. Dietary intake information was obtained at baseline, 6- and 12-months from a validated 143-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and CQI (range: 4 to 20) was calculated based on four dietary criteria: total dietary fibre, glycemic index, wholegrain/total grain carbohydrate ratio, and solid/total carbohydrate ratio. Overall and regional adiposity (total body fat, visceral fat and android-to-gynoid fat ratio) was quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at all three time points. Multiple adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to assess associations between concurrent changes in repeatedly measured CQI and adiposity over time. Results: after controlling for potential confounding factors, a 3-point increment in CQI over 12-month follow-up was associated with a decrease in visceral fat (β -0.067 z-score, 95% CI -0.088; -0.046, p < 0.001), android-to-gynoid fat ratio (-0.038, -0.059; -0.017, p < 0.001), and total fat (-0.064, -0.080; -0.047, p < 0.001). Fibre intake and the ratio of wholegrain/total grain showed the strongest inverse associations with all adiposity indicators. Conclusions: in this prospective cohort of older adults with overweight/obesity and MetS, we found that improvements in dietary carbohydrate quality over a year were associated with concurrent favorable changes in visceral and overall fat deposition. These associations were mostly driven by dietary fibre and the wholegrain/total grain ratio.
• dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH 1R01DK127601) granted to FBH, MR-C and JS-S; the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2014–2019; agreement #340918) granted to MÁM-G and the Spanish National Health Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), through CIBEROBN and “Fondo de Investigación para la Salud” (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (six coordinated FIS projects led by JS-S and JVi, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI14/00972, PI14/00728, PI14/01471, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, PI19/01332, PI20/01802, PI20/00138, PI20/01532, PI20/00456, PI20/00339, PI20/00557,PI20/00886, PI20/01158); the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensive sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMEDPlus grant to JS-S; the Recercaixa (number 2013ACUP00194) grant to JS-S; grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013, PS0358/2016,PI0137/2018); the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana; the SEMERGEN grant. Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación research grant (IJC2019-042420-I) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and European Social Funds to JK. This work was also partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia program. None of the funding sources took part in the design, collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, or writing the report, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Zamanillo-Campos R, Chaplin A, Romaguera D, Abete I, Salas-Salvadó J, Martín V, et al. Longitudinal association of dietary carbohydrate quality with visceral fat deposition and other adiposity indicators. Clin Nutr. 2022 Oct; 41(10): 2264-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.008
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.008
• dc.identifier.issn 0261-5614
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/55496
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/340918
• dc.rights 0261-5614/© 2022. Zamanillo-Campos R, Chaplin A, Romaguera D, Abete I, Salas-Salvadó J, Martín V, et al.. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Adiposity distribution
• dc.subject.keyword Carbohydrate quality index
• dc.subject.keyword Carbohydrates
• dc.subject.keyword DXA
• dc.subject.keyword Diet quality
• dc.subject.keyword Visceral fat
• dc.title Longitudinal association of dietary carbohydrate quality with visceral fat deposition and other adiposity indicators
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion