Maternal prenatal nut and seafood consumption and child neuropsychological function from 4 to 15 years of age: a population-based cohort study

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• dc.contributor.author Pinar-Martí, Ariadna
• dc.contributor.author Ayala-Aldana, Nicolas
• dc.contributor.author Ruiz-Rivera, Marina
• dc.contributor.author Lertxundi, Nerea
• dc.contributor.author Subiza-Pérez, Mikel
• dc.contributor.author González-Safont, Llúcia
• dc.contributor.author Vioque, Jesus
• dc.contributor.author Riaño-Galán, Isolina
• dc.contributor.author Rodríguez Dehli, Cristina
• dc.contributor.author Iglesias-Vázquez, Lucía
• dc.contributor.author Arija, Victoria
• dc.contributor.author Fernández-Barrés, Sílvia
• dc.contributor.author Romaguera Bosch, Dora
• dc.contributor.author Pascual-Rubio, Vicenç
• dc.contributor.author Fabregat-Sanjuan, Albert
• dc.contributor.author Healy, Darren
• dc.contributor.author Basagaña Flores, Xavier
• dc.contributor.author Vrijheid, Martine
• dc.contributor.author Guxens Junyent, Mònica
• dc.contributor.author Foraster Pulido, Maria, 1984-
• dc.contributor.author Júlvez Calvo, Jordi
• dc.date.accessioned 2025-06-23T06:39:38Z
• dc.date.available 2025-06-23T06:39:38Z
• dc.date.issued 2025
• dc.description Data de publicació electrònica: 05-05-2025
• dc.description.abstract Background: Understanding the role of maternal diet in early brain development is critical, as pregnancy represents a period of significant vulnerability and growth for the developing brain. Objectives: This study aims to assess the association between maternal nuts, total seafood, and large fatty fish consumption during pregnancy and offspring neuropsychological function ≤15 y, considering the potential mediation of omega-3 fatty acids. Methods: This study was part of The Spanish Childhood and Environment birth cohort, following 1737 mother-child pairs from pregnancy to age 15. Maternal diet was evaluated using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, whereas children's neuropsychological function was measured through standardized computer-based tests. Attention (hit reaction time and its variability, HRT and HRT-SE) was measured with the Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test and the Attention Network Test. Working memory (detectability in 2-back, d2', and 3-back tasks, d3') was evaluated using the N-back task. Fluid intelligence was assessed with Raven's Progressive Matrices and the Test of Primary Mental Abilities. Linear mixed-effects regression models assessed the association of nuts, seafood and large fatty fish with neuropsychological outcomes, whereas generalized structural equation modeling was used for mediation analyses. Results: Higher maternal nut consumption was significantly linked to improved attention [HRT-SE β = -0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.09, -0.00] and working memory (d2' β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.09, and d3' β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11) in offspring. Greater consumption of large fatty fish was associated with better attention (HRT-SE β = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.10, -0.02; and HRT β = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.08, -0.00), and fluid intelligence (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.13). Omega-3 fatty acids mediated 8%-14% of these effects on attention. Conclusions: Maternal diet at pregnancy and omega-3 intake may support long-term cognitive development in children and adolescents.
• dc.description.sponsorship This study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the projects “CP14/00108, PI16/00261, and PI21/00266” (cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund “A way to make Europe”). The California Walnut Commission gave funding support. This study was also funded by other grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176; CB06/02/0041; PI041436; PI081151 incl. FEDER funds; PI12/01890 incl. FEDER funds; CP13/00054 incl. FEDER funds; PI15/00118 incl. FEDER funds; CP16/00128 incl. FEDER funds; PI16/00118 incl. FEDER funds; PI16/00261 incl. FEDER funds; PI17/01194 incl. FEDER funds; PI17/01340 incl. FEDER funds; PI18/00547 incl. FEDER funds; PI20/01695 incl. FEDER funds), CIBERESP, Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Generalitat de Catalunya-AGAUR (2009 SGR 501, 2014 SGR 822), Fundació La marató de TV3 (090430), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2012-32991 incl. FEDER funds), Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire de l’Alimentation de l’Environnement et du Travail (1262C0010; EST-2016 RF-21; EST-19 RF-04; 2019/1/233), EU Commission (261357, 308333, 603794; 634453; 825712 and 874583), FIS-PI042018 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-PI09/02311 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-PI13/02429 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-PI18/00909 incl. FEDER funds, CIBERESP, Obra Social Cajastur/Fundación Liberbank and UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093), Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002), and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu , Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain). This study was also funded by grants from UE (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957, HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1, cod 874583, and cod 101136566), Spain: ISCIII (G03/176; FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI06/1213, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI12/00610, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI17/00663, PI19/1338; P 23/1578), Miguel Servet-FEDER CP11/00178, CP15/00025, MSII16/00051, MS20/0006), Spanish Ministry of Universities (Margarita Salas Grant MS21-133, grant CAS21/00008), Generalitat Valenciana (CIAICO/2021/132, BEST/2020/059, AICO 2020/285, AICO/2021/182 and CIDEGENT/2019/064), Consejo General de Enfermería (PNI22_CGE45), FISABIO (UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, UGP-15-249), and Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017. AP-M holds a predoctoral research training (PFIS) contract (grant FI22/00119) awarded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. JJ held a Miguel Servet-II contract since May 2023 (grant CPII19/00015) awarded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (cofounded by the European Social Fund “Investing in your future”). DH is supported by the LongITools project which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 874739. The funders have no role in the study design, collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report or decision to submit it for publication.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Pinar-Martí A, Ayala-Aldana N, Ruiz-Rivera M, Lertxundi N, Subiza-Pérez M, González-Safont L, et al. Maternal prenatal nut and seafood consumption and child neuropsychological function from 4 to 15 years of age: a population-based cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 May 5:S0002-9165(25)00249-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.032
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.032
• dc.identifier.issn 0002-9165
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70742
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 May 5:S0002-9165(25)00249-7
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/261357
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/733206
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308333
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/603794
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/634453
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/825712
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/874583
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/282957
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101136566
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/874739
• dc.rights © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Maternal diet
• dc.subject.keyword Neuropsychological development
• dc.subject.keyword Nuts and seafood
• dc.subject.keyword Omega-3 fatty acids
• dc.subject.keyword Pregnancy
• dc.title Maternal prenatal nut and seafood consumption and child neuropsychological function from 4 to 15 years of age: a population-based cohort study
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion