Recent common origin, reduced population size, and marked admixture have shaped european Roma genomes

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• dc.contributor.author Bianco, Erica
• dc.contributor.author Laval, Guillaume
• dc.contributor.author Font-Porterias, Neus
• dc.contributor.author García-Fernández, Carla
• dc.contributor.author Dobón Berenguer, Begoña, 1987-
• dc.contributor.author Sabido-Vera, Rubén
• dc.contributor.author Sukarova-Stefanovska, Emilija
• dc.contributor.author Kučinskas, Vaidutis
• dc.contributor.author Makukh, Halyna
• dc.contributor.author Pamjav, Horolma
• dc.contributor.author Quintana Murci, Lluis
• dc.contributor.author Netea, Mihai G
• dc.contributor.author Bertranpetit, Jaume, 1952-
• dc.contributor.author Calafell i Majó, Francesc
• dc.contributor.author Comas, David, 1969-
• dc.date.accessioned 2022-01-24T07:43:30Z
• dc.date.available 2022-01-24T07:43:30Z
• dc.date.issued 2020
• dc.description.abstract The Roma Diaspora-traditionally known as Gypsies-remains among the least explored population migratory events in historical times. It involved the migration of Roma ancestors out-of-India through the plateaus of Western Asia ultimately reaching Europe. The demographic effects of the Diaspora-bottlenecks, endogamy, and gene flow-might have left marked molecular traces in the Roma genomes. Here, we analyze the whole-genome sequence of 46 Roma individuals pertaining to four migrant groups in six European countries. Our analyses revealed a strong, early founder effect followed by a drastic reduction of ∼44% in effective population size. The Roma common ancestors split from the Punjabi population, from Northwest India, some generations before the Diaspora started, <2,000 years ago. The initial bottleneck and subsequent endogamy are revealed by the occurrence of extensive runs of homozygosity and identity-by-descent segments in all Roma populations. Furthermore, we provide evidence of gene flow from Armenian and Anatolian groups in present-day Roma, although the primary contribution to Roma gene pool comes from non-Roma Europeans, which accounts for >50% of their genomes. The linguistic and historical differentiation of Roma in migrant groups is confirmed by the differential proportion, but not a differential source, of European admixture in the Roma groups, which shows a westward cline. In the present study, we found that despite the strong admixture Roma had in their diaspora, the signature of the initial bottleneck and the subsequent endogamy is still present in Roma genomes.
• dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant No. PID2019-106485GB-I00 and CGL2016-75389-P—MINEICO/FEDER, UE) and “Unidad de Excelencia Maríade Maeztu” (funded by AEI—CEX2018-000792-M) to D.C. and F.C.; and Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de la Recerca (Generalitat de Catalunya, Grant No. 2017SGR00702). N.F.-P. was supported by a FPU17/03501 fellowship. All samples were collected with informed consent from the participants under the approval of the IRB of the CEIC-Parc Salut Mar 2016/6723/I. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the article.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Bianco E, Laval G, Font-Porterias N, García-Fernández C, Dobon B, Sabido-Vera R, Sukarova Stefanovska E, Kučinskas V, Makukh H, Pamjav H, Quintana-Murci L, Netea MG, Bertranpetit J, Calafell F, Comas D. Recent common origin, reduced population size, and marked admixture have shaped european Roma genomes. Mol Biol Evol. 2020;37(11):3175-87. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa156
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa156
• dc.identifier.issn 0737-4038
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52295
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Oxford University Press
• dc.relation.ispartof Mol Biol Evol. 2020;37(11):3175-87
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/PID2019-106485GB-I00
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/CGL2016-75389-P
• dc.rights © Oxford University Press. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Molecular biology and evolution following peer review. The version of record Bianco E, Laval G, Font-Porterias N, García-Fernández C, Dobon B, Sabido-Vera R, Sukarova Stefanovska E, Kučinskas V, Makukh H, Pamjav H, Quintana-Murci L, Netea MG, Bertranpetit J, Calafell F, Comas D. Recent common origin, reduced population size, and marked admixture have shaped european Roma genomes. Mol Biol Evol. 2020;37(11):3175-87. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa156 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa156
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.subject.keyword Gypsies
• dc.subject.keyword Roma Diaspora
• dc.subject.keyword Admixture
• dc.subject.keyword Complete genomes
• dc.subject.keyword Demographic history
• dc.subject.keyword Endogamy
• dc.title Recent common origin, reduced population size, and marked admixture have shaped european Roma genomes
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion