Reflection as a Deliberative and Distributed Practice: Assessing Neuro-Enhancement Technologies via Mutual Learning Exercises (MLEs)

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• dc.contributor.author Zwart, Hubca
• dc.contributor.author Brenninkmeijer, Jonnaca
• dc.contributor.author Eduard, Peterca
• dc.contributor.author Krabbenborg, Lotteca
• dc.contributor.author Laursen, Sheenaca
• dc.contributor.author Revuelta, Gemaca
• dc.contributor.author Toonders, Winnieca
• dc.date.accessioned 2017-07-12T08:23:54Z
• dc.date.available 2017-07-12T08:23:54Z
• dc.date.issued 2017
• dc.description.abstract In 1968, Jürgen Habermas claimed that, in an advanced technological society, the emancipatory force of knowledge can only be regained by actively recovering the ‘forgotten experience of reflection’. In this article, we argue that, in the contemporary situation, critical reflection requires a deliberative ambiance, a process of mutual learning, a consciously organised process of deliberative and distributed reflection. And this especially applies, we argue, to critical reflection concerning a specific subset of technologies which are actually oriented towards optimising human cognition (neuro-enhancement). In order to create a deliberative ambiance, fostering critical upstream reflection on emerging technologies, we developed (in the context of a European 7th Framework Programme project on neuro-enhancement and responsible research and innovation, called NERRI) the concept of a mutual learning exercise (MLE). Building on a number of case studies, we analyse what an MLE involves, both practically and conceptually, focussing on key aspects such as ambiance and expertise, the role of ‘genres of the imagination’ and the profiles of various ‘subcultures of debate’. Ideally, an MLE becomes a contemporary version of the Socratic agora, providing a stage where multiple and sometimes unexpected voices and perspectives mutually challenge each other, in order to strength-en the societal robustness and responsiveness of emerg-ing technologies.
• dc.description.sponsorship This paper is based on experiences and results of a mobilisation and mutual learning project entitled NERRI (neuro-enhancement responsible research and innovation) funded by the European Commission in the context of the 7th Framework Programme. A draft version of this paper was presented and discussed during a NERRI consortium meeting in Vienna, November 11, 2015.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdfca
• dc.identifier.citation Zwart H, Brenninkmeijer J, Eduard P, Krabbenborg L, Laursen S, Revuelta G, Toonders W. Reflection as a Deliberative and Distributed Practice: Assessing Neuro-Enhancement Technologies via Mutual Learning Exercises (MLEs). NanoEthics. 2017;11(2):127-38. DOI: 10.1007/s11569-017-0287-4
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11569-017-0287-4
• dc.identifier.issn 1871-4757
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/32530
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher SpringerOpenca
• dc.relation.ispartof NanoEthics. 2017;11(2):127-38
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/321464
• dc.rights This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Emerging technologies
• dc.subject.keyword Responsible research and innovation
• dc.subject.keyword Neuro-enhancement
• dc.subject.keyword Mutual learning exercises
• dc.subject.keyword Upstream public engagement
• dc.subject.keyword Moral deliberation
• dc.title Reflection as a Deliberative and Distributed Practice: Assessing Neuro-Enhancement Technologies via Mutual Learning Exercises (MLEs)ca
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion