Trends in adherence to the mediterranean diet in spanish children and adolescents across two decades
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- dc.contributor.author Herrera Ramos, Estefanía
- dc.contributor.author Gómez, Santiago Felipe
- dc.contributor.author Fitó Colomer, Montserrat
- dc.contributor.author Schröder, Helmut, 1958-
- dc.contributor.author Serra Majem, Lluís
- dc.date.accessioned 2024-04-09T06:27:10Z
- dc.date.available 2024-04-09T06:27:10Z
- dc.date.issued 2023
- dc.description.abstract Unhealthy dietary habits determined during childhood may represent a risk factor to many of the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence in children and adolescents (8-16 years) living in Spain was investigated using the KIDMED questionnaire in a comparative analysis of two cross-sectional nationwide representative studies: enKid (1998-2000, n = 1001) and PASOS (2019-2020, n = 3540). Taking into account the educational level of pupils, as well as the characteristics of the place of living, a significant association was found between a KIDMED score ≥ 8 (optimal MD adherence) and primary education as well as residency in an area of <50,000 inhabitants, while living in the southern regions was associated with non-optimal MD adherence (p < 0.001). Participants of the 2019-2020 study showed an increase in the consumption of dairy products (31.1% increase), pasta/rice (15.4% increase), olive oil (16.9% increase), and nuts (9.7% increase), as well as a decreased sweets and candies intake (12.6% reduction). In contrast, a significantly lower MD adherence was found when comparing the 2019-2020 (mean ± SE: 6.9 ± 0.04) and the 1998-2000 study (7.37 ± 0.08); p < 0.001), due to less consumption of fish (20.3% reduction), pulse (19.4% reduction), and fruits (14.9% reduction), and an increased intake of commercial goods/pastries or fast-food intake (both 19.4% increase). The lowest adherence was recorded for adolescents also in the most recent study, where 10.9% of them presented a KIDMED score ≤ 3. This study shows that eating habits are deteriorating among Spanish children and adolescents. Such findings point out the urgency of undertaking strong measures to promote the consumption of healthy, sustainable, and non-ultra-processed food, such as those available in an MD, not only at a scientific and academic level, but also at a governmental one.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Herrera-Ramos E, Tomaino L, Sánchez-Villegas A, Ribas-Barba L, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, et al. Trends in adherence to the mediterranean diet in spanish children and adolescents across two decades. Nutrients. 2023 May 17;15(10):2348. DOI: 10.3390/nu15102348
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15102348
- dc.identifier.issn 2072-6643
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/59693
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher MDPI
- dc.relation.ispartof Nutrients. 2023 May 17;15(10):2348
- dc.rights © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword Mediterranean diet
- dc.subject.keyword Spain
- dc.subject.keyword Adolescents
- dc.subject.keyword Children
- dc.subject.keyword Nutrition survey
- dc.title Trends in adherence to the mediterranean diet in spanish children and adolescents across two decades
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion