Does surrounding greenness moderate the relationship between apparent temperature and physical activity? Findings from the PHENOTYPE project

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• dc.contributor.author Ho, Janice Y.
• dc.contributor.author Zijlema, Wilma
• dc.contributor.author Triguero Mas, Margarita, 1985-
• dc.contributor.author Donaire González, David
• dc.contributor.author Valentín, Antònia
• dc.contributor.author Ballester, Joan
• dc.contributor.author Chan, Emily Y.Y.
• dc.contributor.author Goggins, William B.
• dc.contributor.author Mo, Phoenix K.H.
• dc.contributor.author Kruize, Hanneke
• dc.contributor.author Berg, Magdalena van den
• dc.contributor.author Gražulevičienė, Regina
• dc.contributor.author Gidlow, Christopher J.
• dc.contributor.author Jerrett, Michael
• dc.contributor.author Seto, Edmund
• dc.contributor.author Barrera Gómez, Jose
• dc.contributor.author Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
• dc.date.accessioned 2021-04-29T06:32:42Z
• dc.date.issued 2021
• dc.description.abstract Background: Physical activity can be affected by both meteorological conditions and surrounding greenness, but few studies have evaluated the effects of these environmental factors on physical activity simultaneously. This multi-city comparative study aimed to assess the synergetic effects of apparent temperature and surrounding greenness on physical activity in four European cities. Specifically, we aimed to identify an interaction between surrounding greenness and apparent temperature in the effects on physical activity. Methods: Data were collected from 352 adult residents of Barcelona (Spain), Stoke-on-Trent (United Kingdom), Doetinchem (The Netherlands), and Kaunas (Lithuania) as part of the PHENOTYPE study. Participants wore a smartphone for seven consecutive days between May-December 2013 and provided additional sociodemographic survey data. Hourly average physical activity (Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)) and surrounding greenness (NDVI) were derived from the Calfit mobile application collecting accelerometer and location data. Hourly apparent temperature was calculated from temperature and relative humidity, which were obtained from local meteorological stations along with other meteorological covariates (rainfall, windspeed, and sky darkness). We assessed the interaction effects of apparent temperature and surrounding greenness on hourly physical activity for each city using linear mixed models, while adjusting for meteorological, demographic, and time-related variables. Results: We found significant interactions between apparent temperature and surrounding greenness on hourly physical activity in all four cities. Significant quadratic effects of apparent temperature were found in the highest level of surrounding greenness for Stoke-on-Trent and Doetinchem, with 4% decrease in median MET observed for a 10°C departure from optimal temperature (15.2°C and 14.6°C, respectively). On the other hand, significant linear effects were found for higher levels of surrounding greenness in Barcelona and Kaunas, whereby an increase of 10°C was associated with ∼4% increase in median MET. Conclusion: Apparent temperature and surrounding greenness interacted in the effect on hourly physical activity across the four European cities, with varying effect between cities. While quadratic effects of temperature suggest diminishing levels of physical activity in the highest greenness levels in cities of temperate climates, the variation in surrounding greenness between cities could be further explored, particularly by looking at indoor-outdoor locations. The study findings support the need for evidence-based physical activity promotion and urban design.
• dc.description.sponsorship The PHENOTYPE project was funded from the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 282996. JYH is funded by the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PF15-18545). WLZ is supported by a Sara Borrell grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CD17/00195). MTM is funded by a Juan de la Cierva fellowships (FJCI-2017-33842) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. JB gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No 865564 (European Research Council Consolidator Grant EARLY-ADAPT), 727852 (project Blue-Action) and 730004 (project PUCS).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Ho JY, Zijlema WL, Triguero-Mas M, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Valentín A, Ballester J, Chan EYY, Goggins WB, Mo PKH, Kruize H, van den Berg M, Gražuleviciene R, Gidlow CJ, Jerrett M, Seto EYW, Barrera-Gómez J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Does surrounding greenness moderate the relationship between apparent temperature and physical activity? Findings from the PHENOTYPE project. Environ Res. 2021;197:110992. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110992
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110992
• dc.identifier.issn 0013-9351
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/47246
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Environ Res. 2021;197:110992
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/282996
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/865564
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/727852
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/730004
• dc.rights © Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110992
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.subject.keyword NDVI
• dc.subject.keyword Temperature
• dc.subject.keyword Apparent temperature
• dc.subject.keyword Greenness
• dc.subject.keyword Physical activity
• dc.title Does surrounding greenness moderate the relationship between apparent temperature and physical activity? Findings from the PHENOTYPE project
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion