n-3 index is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors but is not improved by walnut intake in free-living elderly: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial

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• dc.contributor.author Jehi, Tony
• dc.contributor.author Sabaté, Joan
• dc.contributor.author Bitok, Edward
• dc.contributor.author Sala Vila, Aleix
• dc.contributor.author Ros, Emilio
• dc.contributor.author Cofán, Montserrat
• dc.contributor.author Oda, Keiji
• dc.contributor.author Rajaram, Sujatha
• dc.date.accessioned 2022-10-13T06:33:47Z
• dc.date.issued 2022
• dc.description.abstract n-3 index, the erythrocyte proportion of the EPA + DHA fatty acids is a clinical marker of age-related disease risk. It is unclear whether regular intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, raises n-3 index in older adults. Of the 356 participants at the Loma Linda, CA centre from the original study, a randomly selected subset (n 192) was included for this secondary analysis (mostly Caucasian women, mean age 69 years). Participants were assigned to either the walnut (15 % of daily energy from walnuts) or the control group (usual diet, no walnuts) for 2 years. Erythrocyte fatty acids were determined at baseline and 1-year following intervention. No differences were observed for erythrocyte EPA, but erythrocyte DHA decreased albeit modestly in the walnut group (-0·125 %) and slightly improved in the control group (0·17 %). The change in n-3 index between the walnut and control groups was significantly different only among fish consumers (those who ate fish ≥ once/month). Longitudinal analyses combining both groups showed significant inverse association between the 1-year changes of the n-3 index and fasting plasma TAG (ß = -10), total cholesterol (ß = -5·59) and plasma glucose (ß = -0·27). Consuming ALA-rich walnuts failed to improve n-3 index in elders. A direct source of EPA/DHA may be needed to achieve desirable n-3 index, as it is inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk. Nevertheless, incorporating walnuts as part of heart healthy diets is still encouraged.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Jehi T, Sabaté J, Bitok E, Sala-Vila A, Ros E, Cofan M, Oda K, Rajaram S. n-3 index is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors but is not improved by walnut intake in free-living elderly: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2022 Jun 10: 1-8. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522001751
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114522001751
• dc.identifier.issn 0007-1145
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/54366
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Cambridge University Press
• dc.rights © Cambridge University Press. The published version of the article: Jehi T, Sabaté J, Bitok E, Sala-Vila A, Ros E, Cofan M, Oda K, Rajaram S. n-3 index is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors but is not improved by walnut intake in free-living elderly: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2022 Jun 10: 1-8. is available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/abs/n3-index-is-associated-with-cardiometabolic-risk-factors-but-is-not-improved-by-walnut-intake-in-freeliving-elderly-a-singleblind-randomised-controlled-trial/9210C08BB1372E15AC607CB0BFB12C5B.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.subject.keyword Cardiometabolic disease
• dc.subject.keyword Walnuts
• dc.subject.keyword n-3 Index
• dc.subject.keyword α-Linolenic acid
• dc.title n-3 index is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors but is not improved by walnut intake in free-living elderly: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion