Characterisation of exposure to non-ionising electromagnetic fields in the Spanish INMA birth cohort: study protocol

Gallastegui, Mara; Guxens Junyent, Mònica; Jiménez-Zabala, Ana; Calvente, Irene; Fernández, Marta; Birks, Laura Ellen, 1983-; Struchen, Benjamin; Vrijheid, Martine; Estarlich, Marisa; Fernandez, Mariana F.; Torrent Quetglas, Maties; Ballester Díez, Ferran; Aurrekoetxea, Juan José; Ibarluzea, Jesús; Guerra, David; González, Julián; Röösli, Martin; Santa Marina, Loreto

Characterisation of exposure to non-ionising electromagnetic fields in the Spanish INMA birth cohort: study protocol

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dc.contributor.author Gallastegui, Maraca
dc.contributor.author Guxens Junyent, Mònicaca
dc.contributor.author Jiménez-Zabala, Anaca
dc.contributor.author Calvente, Ireneca
dc.contributor.author Fernández, Martaca
dc.contributor.author Birks, Laura Ellen, 1983-ca
dc.contributor.author Struchen, Benjaminca
dc.contributor.author Vrijheid, Martineca
dc.contributor.author Estarlich, Marisaca
dc.contributor.author Fernandez, Mariana F.ca
dc.contributor.author Torrent Quetglas, Matiesca
dc.contributor.author Ballester Díez, Ferranca
dc.contributor.author Aurrekoetxea, Juan Joséca
dc.contributor.author Ibarluzea, Jesúsca
dc.contributor.author Guerra, Davidca
dc.contributor.author González, Juliánca
dc.contributor.author Röösli, Martinca
dc.contributor.author Santa Marina, Loretoca
dc.date.accessioned 2016-11-29T12:29:56Z
dc.date.available 2016-11-29T12:29:56Z
dc.date.issued 2016ca
dc.description.abstract Background: Analysis of the association between exposure to electromagnetic fields of non-ionising radiation (EMF-NIR) and health in children and adolescents is hindered by the limited availability of data, mainly due to the difficulties on the exposure assessment. This study protocol describes the methodologies used for characterising exposure of children to EMF-NIR in the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente- Environment and Childhood) Project, a prospective cohort study. Methods/Design: Indirect (proximity to emission sources, questionnaires on sources use and geospatial propagation models) and direct methods (spot and fixed longer-term measurements and personal measurements) were conducted in order to assess exposure levels of study participants aged between 7 and 18 years old. The methodology used varies depending on the frequency of the EMF-NIR and the environment (homes, schools and parks). Questionnaires assessed the use of sources contributing both to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) and Radiofrequency (RF) exposure levels. Geospatial propagation models (NISMap) are implemented and validated for environmental outdoor sources of RFs using spot measurements. Spot and fixed longer-term ELF and RF measurements were done in the environments where children spend most of the time. Moreover, personal measurements were taken in order to assess individual exposure to RF. The exposure data are used to explore their relationships with proximity and/or use of EMF-NIR sources. Discussion: Characterisation of the EMF-NIR exposure by this combination of methods is intended to overcome problems encountered in other research. The assessment of exposure of INMA cohort children and adolescents living in different regions of Spain to the full frequency range of EMF-NIR extends the characterisation of environmental exposures in this cohort. Together with other data obtained in the project, on socioeconomic and family characteristics and development of the children and adolescents, this will enable to evaluate the complex interaction between health outcomes in children and adolescents and the various environmental factors that surround them.
dc.description.sponsorship This study was funded by grants from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III Health Institute (PI13/02187 incl. FEDER funds, CP13/00054 incl. FEDER funds, MS13/00054), the councils of the study region of Gipuzkoa and the EU Commission (603794).
dc.format.mimetype application/pdfca
dc.identifier.citation Gallastegi M, Guxens Junyent M, Jiménez-Zabala A, Calvente I, Fernández M, Birks L, Struchen B, Vrijheid M, Estarlich M, Fernández MF, Torrent Quetglas M, Ballester Díez F, Aurrekoetxea JJ, Ibarluzea J, Guerra D, González J, Röösli M, Santa Marina L. Characterisation of exposure to non-ionising electromagnetic fields in the Spanish INMA birth cohort: study protocol. BMC Public Health. 2016; 16(1):167. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2825-3ca
dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2825-3
dc.identifier.issn 1471-2458ca
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/27629
dc.language.iso engca
dc.publisher BioMed Centralca
dc.relation.ispartof BMC Public Health. 2016; 16(1):167
dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/603794
dc.rights © 2016 Gallastegi et al. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.ca
dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessca
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.keyword Electromagnetic fields
dc.subject.keyword Radiofrequency
dc.subject.keyword Extremely low frequency
dc.subject.keyword Magnetic fields
dc.subject.keyword Child
dc.subject.keyword Adolescent
dc.subject.keyword Birth cohort
dc.subject.keyword Exposure assessment
dc.subject.keyword Environmental exposure
dc.title Characterisation of exposure to non-ionising electromagnetic fields in the Spanish INMA birth cohort: study protocolca
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/articleca
dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionca

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