High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination

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  • dc.contributor.author Rubio, Rocío
  • dc.contributor.author Macià, Dídac
  • dc.contributor.author Barrios, Diana
  • dc.contributor.author Vidal, Marta
  • dc.contributor.author Jiménez, Alfons
  • dc.contributor.author Molinos-Albert, Luis M.
  • dc.contributor.author Díaz, Natalia
  • dc.contributor.author Canyelles, Mar
  • dc.contributor.author Lara Escandell, Maria
  • dc.contributor.author Planchais, Cyril
  • dc.contributor.author Santamaria, Pere
  • dc.contributor.author Carolis, Carlo
  • dc.contributor.author Izquierdo, Luis
  • dc.contributor.author Aguilar, Ruth
  • dc.contributor.author Moncunill, Gemma
  • dc.contributor.author Dobaño, Carlota
  • dc.date.accessioned 2024-12-02T16:19:03Z
  • dc.date.available 2024-12-02T16:19:03Z
  • dc.date.issued 2024
  • dc.description Data de publicació electrònica: 17-09-2024
  • dc.description.abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) studies usually rely on cross-sectional data of large cohorts but limited repeated samples, overlooking significant inter-individual antibody kinetic differences. By combining Luminex, activation-induced marker (AIM) and IFN-γ/IL-2 Fluorospot assays, we characterized the IgM, IgA, and IgG antibody kinetics using 610 samples from 31 healthy adults over two years after COVID-19 vaccination, and the T-cell responses six months post-booster. Antibody trajectories varied among isotypes: IgG decayed slowly, IgA exhibited an initial sharp decline, which gradually slowed down and stabilized above the seropositivity threshold. Contrarily, IgM rapidly dropped to undetectable levels after primary vaccination. Importantly, three vaccine doses induced higher and more durable anti-spike IgG and IgA levels compared to two doses, whereas infection led to the highest antibody peak and slowest antibody decay rate compared to vaccination. Comparing with ancestral virus, antibody levels recognizing Omicron subvariants had a faster antibody decay. Finally, polyfunctional T cells were positively associated with subsequent IgA responses. These results revealed distinctive antibody patterns by isotype and highlight the benefits of booster doses in enhancing and sustaining antibody responses.
  • dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the Fundació Privada Daniel Bravo Andreu and by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101046314 (END-VOC). RR had the support of the Health Department, Catalan Government (PERIS SLT017/20/000224). GM was supported by RYC 2020-029886-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, co-funded by European Social Fund (ESF). MLE received support from the grant 100046TC21_2022 INV-1 00046 funded by AGAUR/European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. PS was supported by PID2021-125493OB-I00 grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. We acknowledge support from the grant CEX2018-000806-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.
  • dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
  • dc.identifier.citation Rubio R, Macià D, Barrios D, Vidal M, Jiménez A, Molinos-Albert LM, et al. High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination. Microbes Infect. 2024 Sep 17:105423. DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105423
  • dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105423
  • dc.identifier.issn 1286-4579
  • dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/68883
  • dc.language.iso eng
  • dc.publisher Elsevier
  • dc.relation.ispartof Microbes Infect. 2024 Sep 17:105423
  • dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101046314
  • dc.rights © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Institut Pasteur. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
  • dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  • dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  • dc.subject.keyword Antibody kinetics
  • dc.subject.keyword COVID-19 vaccine
  • dc.subject.keyword Memory T-cell responses
  • dc.subject.keyword SARS-CoV-2
  • dc.subject.keyword VoCs
  • dc.title High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
  • dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
  • dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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