Dietary patterns and exposure to non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy

Warkentin, Sarah; Márquez, Sandra; Vespalcová, Hana; Knox, Bethany; Gascon Merlos, Mireia, 1984-; Güil Oumrait, Núria; González-Palacios, Sandra; Gomez Roig, Maria Dolores; Lassale, Camille; Llurba, Elisa; Rolland, Matthieu; Sakhi, Amrit Kaur; Thomsen, Cathrine; Vioque, Jesus; Bustamante Pineda, Mariona; Sunyer Deu, Jordi; Vrijheid, Martine

Dietary patterns and exposure to non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy

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dc.contributor.author Warkentin, Sarah
dc.contributor.author Márquez, Sandra
dc.contributor.author Vespalcová, Hana
dc.contributor.author Knox, Bethany
dc.contributor.author Gascon Merlos, Mireia, 1984-
dc.contributor.author Güil Oumrait, Núria
dc.contributor.author González-Palacios, Sandra
dc.contributor.author Gomez Roig, Maria Dolores
dc.contributor.author Lassale, Camille
dc.contributor.author Llurba, Elisa
dc.contributor.author Rolland, Matthieu
dc.contributor.author Sakhi, Amrit Kaur
dc.contributor.author Thomsen, Cathrine
dc.contributor.author Vioque, Jesus
dc.contributor.author Bustamante Pineda, Mariona
dc.contributor.author Sunyer Deu, Jordi
dc.contributor.author Vrijheid, Martine
dc.date.accessioned 2025-09-17T06:08:43Z
dc.date.available 2025-09-17T06:08:43Z
dc.date.issued 2025
dc.description.abstract Background: Exposure to non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is widespread, causing various adverse health effects, especially during pregnancy. Diet is a major source of EDCs and the identification of dietary patterns that give rise to higher exposure levels is crucial. We aimed to explore the relationship between dietary patterns during pregnancy and exposure to non-persistent EDCs. Methods: We included 640 pregnant women from the Barcelona Life Study Cohort (BiSC), Spain. Using food frequency questionnaires (2nd trimester), we estimated ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption and Mediterranean diet adherence, and derived data-driven dietary patterns. Metabolites of phthalates, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid di(isononyl) ester (DINCH), chlorpyrifos and pyrethroid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, including phenanthrenes), and organophosphates, and parent compounds of phenols and parabens were measured in weekly urine pools (3rd trimester). Associations between dietary patterns and EDCs were evaluated through multivariable linear regressions. Results: Higher compliance with a "Vegetarian" pattern or the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower levels of some of the phthalate metabolites (e.g., di-iso-nonyl phthalates [Geometric mean ratio (GMR) per unit increases in the "Vegetarian" score = 0.97, 95 %CI 0.95, 1.00]). Conversely, "Western" and "Animal protein" patterns, and UPF intake were associated with higher PAHs (e.g., "Western" and 2-Hydroxynaphthalene [GMR(95 %CI) 1.07(1.01, 1.13)]), pesticides (e.g., "Animal protein" and 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid [1.15(1.01, 1.32]), and phthalates metabolites levels (e.g., UPF and Monoethyl phthalate [1.05(1.01, 1.09)]). No association remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. Conclusions: Following a plant-based diet may help reduce the exposure to certain phthalate and organophosphate metabolites, whereas higher consumption of foods from animal origin and high in fat/sugar/salt may increase exposure to PAHs, pesticides, and phthalates metabolites in pregnancy.
dc.description.sponsorship This project has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 874583 (ATHLETE project). The BiSC cohort has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (785994 – AirNB project), from the Health Effects Institute (4959-RFA17-1/18–1 – FRONTIER project), and H2020-EU.3.1.1. (GA964827 – AURORA project), from AXA Research Fund (MOOD-COVID project), from Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) (2019/01/039 − HyPAXE project), from the AGAUR-Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris de Recerca (2017 SGR 826 − Population Neuroscience group), from the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (CB06/02/0041), from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) − Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID) (RD16/0022/0014 and RD16/0022/0015), and from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and the European Union Next Generation EU − Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012/0001 and RD21/0012/0003). ISGlobal acknowledges support from the grant CEX2023-0001290-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. Sarah Warkentin acknowledges receiving the funding by the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants with a Beatriu de Pinós post-doctoral fellowship (Ref: 2021 BP 00058). Camille Lassale is supported by a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship RYC2020029599 funded by MICIU/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/5011000110 33 and the European Social Fund’Invest in your future’. Finally, we thank all the participants and their families for their generous collaboration. A full list of BiSC researchers can be found at https://projectebisc.org/en/team/.
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
dc.identifier.citation Warkentin S, Márquez S, Vespalcová H, Knox B, Gascon M, Güil-Oumrait N, et al. Dietary patterns and exposure to non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy. Environ Int. 2025 Aug;202:109612. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109612
dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109612
dc.identifier.issn 0160-4120
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/71208
dc.language.iso eng
dc.publisher Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof Environ Int. 2025 Aug;202:109612
dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/874583
dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/785994
dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/964827
dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.keyword Cohort studies
dc.subject.keyword Diet
dc.subject.keyword Dietary patterns
dc.subject.keyword Endocrine disruptors
dc.subject.keyword Phthalates
dc.subject.keyword Pregnancy
dc.title Dietary patterns and exposure to non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Articles (Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) – Campus Mar)
Articles (Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida)
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