Effect of 1-year lifestyle intervention with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion on the gut metabolome and microbiota: a randomized clinical trial
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- dc.contributor.author García-Gavilán, Jesús Francisco
- dc.contributor.author Fitó Colomer, Montserrat
- dc.contributor.author Hernando, Javier
- dc.contributor.author Salas Salvadó, Jordi
- dc.date.accessioned 2024-09-27T06:20:48Z
- dc.date.available 2024-09-27T06:20:48Z
- dc.date.issued 2024
- dc.description.abstract Background: The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been linked to the presence of beneficial gut microbes and related metabolites. However, its impact on the fecal metabolome remains poorly understood. Objectives: Our goal was to investigate the weight-loss effects of a 1-y lifestyle intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet coupled with physical activity (intervention group), compared with an ad libitum MedDiet (control group), on fecal metabolites, fecal microbiota, and their potential association with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: A total of 400 participants (200 from each study group), aged 55-75 y, and at high cardiovascular disease risk, were included. Dietary and lifestyle information, anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical parameters, and stool samples were collected at baseline and after 1 y of follow-up. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to profile endogenous fecal metabolites, and 16S amplicon sequencing was employed to profile the fecal microbiota. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited greater weight loss and improvement in various cardiovascular disease risk factors. We identified intervention effects on 4 stool metabolites and subnetworks primarily composed of bile acids, ceramides, and sphingosines, fatty acids, carnitines, nucleotides, and metabolites of purine and the Krebs cycle. Some of these were associated with changes in several cardiovascular disease risk factors. In addition, we observed a reduction in the abundance of the genera Eubacterium hallii group and Dorea, and an increase in alpha diversity in the intervention group after 1 y of follow-up. Changes in the intervention-related microbiota profiles were also associated with alterations in different fecal metabolite subnetworks and some cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions: An intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity promotion, compared with an ad libitum MedDiet, was associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, potentially through modulation of the fecal microbiota and metabolome. This trial was registered at https://www.isrctn.com/ as ISRCTN89898870 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN89898870).
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation García-Gavilán JF, Atzeni A, Babio N, Liang L, Belzer C, Vioque J, et al. Effect of 1-year lifestyle intervention with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion on the gut metabolome and microbiota: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 May;119(5):1143-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.021
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.021
- dc.identifier.issn 0002-9165
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/61251
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Elsevier
- dc.relation.ispartof Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 May;119(5):1143-54
- dc.rights © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Nutrition. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword Mediterranean diet
- dc.subject.keyword Cardiovascular disease risk factor
- dc.subject.keyword Fecal metabolome
- dc.subject.keyword Fecal microbiota
- dc.subject.keyword Lifestyle intervention
- dc.subject.keyword Metabolic syndrome
- dc.title Effect of 1-year lifestyle intervention with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion on the gut metabolome and microbiota: a randomized clinical trial
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion