Accuracy and repeatability of fetal facial measurements in 3D ultrasound: A longitudinal study
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- dc.contributor.author González-Aranceta, Nerea
- dc.contributor.author Alomar Adrover, Antònia
- dc.contributor.author Rubio, Ricardo
- dc.contributor.author Maya-Enero, Silvia
- dc.contributor.author Payà Panadés, Antonio
- dc.contributor.author Piella Fenoy, Gemma
- dc.contributor.author Sukno, Federico Mateo
- dc.date.accessioned 2025-04-24T06:11:05Z
- dc.date.available 2025-04-24T06:11:05Z
- dc.date.issued 2024
- dc.description.abstract Objective: Fetal face measurements in prenatal ultrasound can aid in identifying craniofacial abnormalities in the developing fetus. However, the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound measurements can be affected by factors such as fetal position, image quality, and the sonographer's expertise. This study assesses the accuracy and reliability of fetal facial measurements in prenatal ultrasound. Additionally, the temporal evolution of measurements is studied, comparing prenatal and postnatal measurements. Methods: Three different experts located up to 23 facial landmarks in 49 prenatal 3D ultrasound scans from normal Caucasian fetuses at weeks 20, 26, and 35 of gestation. Intra- and inter-observer variability was obtained. Postnatal facial measurements were also obtained at 15 days and 1 month postpartum. Results: Most facial landmarks exhibited low errors, with overall intra- and inter-observer errors of 1.01 mm and 1.60 mm, respectively. Landmarks on the nose were found to be the most reliable, while the most challenging ones were those located on the ears and eyes. Overall, scans obtained at 26 weeks of gestation presented the best trade-off between observer variability and landmark visibility. The temporal evolution of the measurements revealed that the lower face area had the highest rate of growth throughout the latest stages of pregnancy. Conclusions: Craniofacial landmarks can be evaluated using 3D fetal ultrasound, especially those located on the nose, mouth, and chin. Despite its limitations, this study provides valuable insights into prenatal and postnatal biometric changes over time, which could aid in developing predictive models for postnatal measurements based on prenatal data.
- dc.description.sponsorship This work is partly supported by the eSCANFace project (PID2020-114083GB-I00) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. A. Alomar was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the PRE2021-097544 scholarship, and G. Piella was supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia program.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation González-Aranceta N, Alomar A, Rubio R, Maya-Enero S, Payá A, Piella G, et al. Accuracy and repeatability of fetal facial measurements in 3D ultrasound: A longitudinal study. Early Hum Dev. 2024 Jun;193:106021. DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106021
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106021
- dc.identifier.issn 0378-3782
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70183
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Elsevier
- dc.relation.ispartof Early Hum Dev. 2024 Jun;193:106021
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/2PE/PID2020-114083GB-I00
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PRE2021-097544
- dc.rights © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword Anatomical facial fiducials
- dc.subject.keyword Facial anthropometry
- dc.subject.keyword Fetus development
- dc.subject.keyword Fetus growth
- dc.title Accuracy and repeatability of fetal facial measurements in 3D ultrasound: A longitudinal study
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion