Ingested Nitrate and Breast Cancer in the Spanish Multicase-Control Study on Cancer (MCC-Spain).

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  • dc.contributor.author Espejo Herrera, Nadia Carminia, 1983-ca
  • dc.contributor.author Gràcia Lavedan, Estherca
  • dc.contributor.author Font Ribera, Laiaca
  • dc.contributor.author Castaño Vinyals, Gemmaca
  • dc.contributor.author Kogevinas, Manolisca
  • dc.contributor.author Villanueva Belmonte, Cristinaca
  • dc.date.accessioned 2016-09-06T09:48:52Z
  • dc.date.available 2016-09-06T09:48:52Z
  • dc.date.issued 2016
  • dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND: Ingested nitrate leads to endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds that are breast carcinogens in animals, but human evidence is limited. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated ingested nitrate as a risk factor for breast cancer (BC) in a multicase-control study. METHODS: Hospital-based incident BC cases and population-based controls were recruited in eight Spanish regions in 2008-2013; participants provided residential and water consumption from 18 years of age and information on known BC risk factors. Long-term nitrate levels (1940-2010) were estimated and linked with residential histories and water consumption to calculate waterborne ingested nitrate (milligrams/day). Dietary ingested nitrate (milligrams/day) was calculated using food frequency questionnaires and published dietary nitrate contents. Interactions with endogenous nitrosation factors and other variables were evaluated. A total of 1,245 cases and 1,520 controls were included in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among the study regions, average ± SD waterborne ingested nitrate ranged from 2.9 ± 1.9 to 13.5 ± 7.5 mg/day, and dietary ingested nitrate ranged from 88.5 ± 48.7 to 154 ± 87.8 mg/day. Waterborne ingested nitrate was not associated with BC overall, but among postmenopausal women, those with both high nitrate (> 6 vs. < 2.6 mg/day) and high red meat intake (≥ 20 vs. < 20 g/day) were more likely to be cases than women with low nitrate and low red meat intake (adjusted odds ratio = 1.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.49; overall interaction p-value = 0.17). No association was found with dietary nitrate. CONCLUSIONS: Waterborne ingested nitrate was associated with BC only among postmenopausal women with high red meat consumption. Dietary nitrate was not associated with BC regardless of the animal or vegetable source or of menopausal status.ca
  • dc.description.sponsorship This study was funded by the “Acción Transversal del Cáncer del Consejo de Ministros del 11/10/2007” from the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER” (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI11/00226), ISCIII FIS grants. N.E.H. received financial support for the Ph.D. program from the “Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR FI-DGR 2013) Generalitat de Cataluña.”
  • dc.format.mimetype application/pdfca
  • dc.identifier.citation Espejo-Herrera N, Gracia-Lavedan E, Pollan M, Aragonés N, Boldo E, Perez-Gomez B, Ingested Nitrate and Breast Cancer in the Spanish Multicase-Control Study on Cancer (MCC-Spain). Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Jul;124(7):1042-9. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510334ca
  • dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510334
  • dc.identifier.issn 0091-6765
  • dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/27275
  • dc.language.iso engca
  • dc.publisher Environmental Health Perspectivesca
  • dc.relation.ispartof Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Jul;124(7):1042-9
  • dc.rights Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectivesca
  • dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessca
  • dc.subject.other Mama -- Càncerca
  • dc.subject.other Aigua -- Consum -- Espanyaca
  • dc.title Ingested Nitrate and Breast Cancer in the Spanish Multicase-Control Study on Cancer (MCC-Spain).ca
  • dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/articleca
  • dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionca