Associations between sources of particle number and mortality in four European cities

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• dc.contributor.author Rivas, Ioar
• dc.contributor.author Vicens Estaran, Laia
• dc.contributor.author Basagaña Flores, Xavier
• dc.contributor.author Tobías, Aurelio
• dc.contributor.author Katsouyanni, Klea
• dc.contributor.author Walton, Heather
• dc.contributor.author Hüglin, Christoph
• dc.contributor.author Alastuey, Andrés
• dc.contributor.author Kulmala, Markku
• dc.contributor.author Harrison, Roy M.
• dc.contributor.author Pekkanen, Juha
• dc.contributor.author Querol, Xavier
• dc.contributor.author Sunyer Deu, Jordi
• dc.contributor.author Kelly, Frank
• dc.date.accessioned 2022-05-04T06:40:29Z
• dc.date.available 2022-05-04T06:40:29Z
• dc.date.issued 2021
• dc.description.abstract Background: The evidence on the association between ultrafine (UFP) particles and mortality is still inconsistent. Moreover, health effects of specific UFP sources have not been explored. We assessed the impact of UFP sources on daily mortality in Barcelona, Helsinki, London, and Zurich. Methods: UFP sources were previously identified and quantified for the four cities: daily contributions of photonucleation, two traffic sources (fresh traffic and urban, with size mode around 30 nm and 70 nm, respectively), and secondary aerosols were obtained from data from an urban background station. Different periods were investigated in each city: Barcelona 2013-2016, Helsinki 2009-2016, London 2010-2016, and Zurich 2011-2014. The associations between total particle number concentrations (PNC) and UFP sources and daily (natural, cardiovascular [CVD], and respiratory) mortality were investigated using city-specific generalized linear models (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression. Results: We found inconsistent results across cities, sources, and lags for associations with natural, CVD, and respiratory mortality. Increased risk was observed for total PNC and natural mortality in Helsinki (lag 2; 1.3% [0.07%, 2.5%]), CVD mortality in Barcelona (lag 1; 3.7% [0.17%, 7.4%]) and Zurich (lag 0; 3.8% [0.31%, 7.4%]), and respiratory mortality in London (lag 3; 2.6% [0.84%, 4.45%]) and Zurich (lag 1; 9.4% [1.0%, 17.9%]). A similar pattern of associations between health outcomes and total PNC was followed by the fresh traffic source, for which we also found the same associations and lags as for total PNC. The urban source (mostly aged traffic) was associated with respiratory mortality in Zurich (lag 1; 12.5% [1.7%, 24.2%]) and London (lag 3; 2.4% [0.90%, 4.0%]) while the secondary source was associated with respiratory mortality in Zurich (lag 1: 12.0% [0.63%, 24.5%]) and Helsinki (4.7% [0.11%, 9.5%]). Reduced risk for the photonucleation source was observed for respiratory mortality in Barcelona (lag 2, -8.6% [-14.5%, -2.4%]) and for CVD mortality in Helsinki, as this source is present only in clean atmospheres (lag 1, -1.48 [-2.75, -0.21]). Conclusions: We found inconsistent results across cities, sources and lags for associations with natural, CVD, and respiratory mortality.
• dc.description.sponsorship This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 747882. While writing the manuscript, Dr. Rivas was funded by the postdoctoral fellowship programme Beatriu de Pinós (2018 BP 00114), funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and by the Horizon 2020 programme of research and innovation of the European Union under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 801370. Currently, Dr. Rivas is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 886121.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Rivas I, Vicens L, Basagaña X, Tobías A, Katsouyanni K, Walton H, Hüglin C, Alastuey A, Kulmala M, Harrison RM, Pekkanen J, Querol X, Sunyer J, Kelly FJ. Associations between sources of particle number and mortality in four European cities. Environ Int. 2021 Oct;155:106662. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106662
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106662
• dc.identifier.issn 0160-4120
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52973
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Environ Int. 2021 Oct;155:106662
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/747882
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/801370
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/886121
• dc.rights © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Daily mortality
• dc.subject.keyword Particle number
• dc.subject.keyword Sources of ultrafine particles
• dc.subject.keyword Time series
• dc.subject.keyword Ultrafine particles
• dc.title Associations between sources of particle number and mortality in four European cities
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion