Billions of people exposed to increasing heat but decreasing greenness from 2000 to 2022
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- dc.contributor.author Ye, Tingting
- dc.contributor.author Xu, Rongbin
- dc.contributor.author Huang, Wenzhong
- dc.contributor.author Yang, Zhengyu
- dc.contributor.author Yu, Pei
- dc.contributor.author Yu, Wenhua
- dc.contributor.author Liu, Yanming
- dc.contributor.author Wu, Yao
- dc.contributor.author Wen, Bo
- dc.contributor.author Zhang, Yiwen
- dc.contributor.author Hart, Jaime E.
- dc.contributor.author Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
- dc.contributor.author Abramson, Michael J.
- dc.contributor.author Guo, Yuming
- dc.contributor.author Li, Shanshan
- dc.date.accessioned 2025-06-20T06:57:32Z
- dc.date.available 2025-06-20T06:57:32Z
- dc.date.issued 2025
- dc.description.abstract Rising heat stress due to climate warming poses a significant threat to human health, and greenness offers a nature-based solution to mitigate heat-related health impacts and enhance resilience. Although global greenness has increased, it remains unclear whether these trends align with the population's heat mitigation needs. In this study, we integrated spatially resolved demographic data with satellite-derived greenness metric and reanalysis-based heat stress data to construct a global profile of joint exposure at 1 × 1 km resolution from 2000 to 2022. We found that 69.3% of global populated areas and 41.3% of the global population (∼2.9 billion people) were exposed to increasing heat stress but decreasing greenness (IHDG), representing the most concerning situation for heat mitigation. Urban populations were disproportionately affected, with 50.8% exposed compared to 27.1% in rural areas. Low- and middle-income countries exhibited more pronounced trends of increasing heat stress and bore the greatest burden from IHDG, accounting for 85% of total exposed populations. Moreover, there was a notable demographic shift in IHDG-exposed populations toward older groups, exacerbating the heat mitigation crisis. This study advances the understanding of the joint dynamics of heat stress and greenness and provides a profile of population exposure at a fine grid level. By highlighting the scale of IHDG conditions, our findings emphasize the urgent need to address this environmental challenge and a significant opportunity for improving greenness to mitigate increasing heat globally. The spatially detailed assessment maps offer essential data for informed decision-making.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Ye T, Xu R, Huang W, Yang Z, Yu P, Yu W, et al. Billions of people exposed to increasing heat but decreasing greenness from 2000 to 2022. Innovation (Camb). 2025 Mar 7;6(5):100870. DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2025.100870
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.100870
- dc.identifier.issn 2666-6758
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70731
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Elsevier
- dc.relation.ispartof Innovation (Camb). 2025 Mar 7;6(5):100870
- dc.rights © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Youth Innovation Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword NDVI
- dc.subject.keyword UTCI
- dc.subject.keyword Global warming
- dc.subject.keyword Greenness
- dc.subject.keyword Heat stress
- dc.subject.keyword Population exposure
- dc.title Billions of people exposed to increasing heat but decreasing greenness from 2000 to 2022
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion