A new chromosome-assigned Mongolian gerbil genome allows characterization of complete centromeres and a fully heterochromatic chromosome

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• dc.contributor.author Brekke, Thomas D.
• dc.contributor.author Papadopulos, Alexander S. T.
• dc.contributor.author Julià, Eva
• dc.contributor.author Fornas Carreño, Oscar
• dc.contributor.author Fu, Beiyuan
• dc.contributor.author Yang, Fengtang
• dc.contributor.author Fuente, Roberto de la
• dc.contributor.author Page, Jesus
• dc.contributor.author Baril, Tobias
• dc.contributor.author Hayward, Alexander
• dc.contributor.author Mulley, John F.
• dc.date.accessioned 2023-11-02T07:26:25Z
• dc.date.available 2023-11-02T07:26:25Z
• dc.date.issued 2023
• dc.description.abstract Chromosome-scale genome assemblies based on ultralong-read sequencing technologies are able to illuminate previously intractable aspects of genome biology such as fine-scale centromere structure and large-scale variation in genome features such as heterochromatin, GC content, recombination rate, and gene content. We present here a new chromosome-scale genome of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), which includes the complete sequence of all centromeres. Gerbils are thus the one of the first vertebrates to have their centromeres completely sequenced. Gerbil centromeres are composed of four different repeats of length 6, 37, 127, or 1,747 bp, which occur in simple alternating arrays and span 1-6 Mb. Gerbil genomes have both an extensive set of GC-rich genes and chromosomes strikingly enriched for constitutive heterochromatin. We sought to determine if there was a link between these two phenomena and found that the two heterochromatic chromosomes of the Mongolian gerbil have distinct underpinnings: Chromosome 5 has a large block of intraarm heterochromatin as the result of a massive expansion of centromeric repeats, while chromosome 13 is comprised of extremely large (>150 kb) repeated sequences. In addition to characterizing centromeres, our results demonstrate the importance of including karyotypic features such as chromosome number and the locations of centromeres in the interpretation of genome sequence data and highlight novel patterns involved in the evolution of chromosomes.
• dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the Leverhulme Trust grant entitled “Decoding Dark DNA” (grant number RPG-2018-433) and by the National Environmental Research Council of the UK (grant number NE/R001081/1 to A.S.T.P) and by grant CGL2014-53106-P from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain to J.P.). Unpublished genome assemblies for M. unguiculatus are used with permission from the DNA Zoo Consortium (dnazoo.org).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Brekke TD, Papadopulos AST, Julià E, Fornas O, Fu B, Yang F, de la Fuente R, Page J, Baril T, Hayward A, Mulley JF. A new chromosome-assigned Mongolian gerbil genome allows characterization of complete centromeres and a fully heterochromatic chromosome. Mol Biol Evol. 2023 May 2;40(5):msad115. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad115
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msad115
• dc.identifier.issn 0737-4038
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/58197
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Oxford University Press
• dc.relation.ispartof Mol Biol Evol. 2023 May 2;40(5):msad115
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/CGL2014-53106-P
• dc.rights © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Meriones
• dc.subject.keyword Centromeres
• dc.subject.keyword Chromosome evolution
• dc.subject.keyword Genome
• dc.subject.keyword Karyotype
• dc.title A new chromosome-assigned Mongolian gerbil genome allows characterization of complete centromeres and a fully heterochromatic chromosome
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion