Enhancing the sensitivity of memory tests: reference data for the free and cued selective reminding test and the logical memory task from cognitively healthy subjects with normal alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels
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- dc.contributor.author Brugulat Serrat, Anna, 1986-
- dc.contributor.author Cañas-Martínez, Alba
- dc.contributor.author Canals-Gispert, Lidia
- dc.contributor.author Marne, Paula
- dc.contributor.author Gramunt Fombuena, Nina
- dc.contributor.author Suárez-Calvet, Marc
- dc.contributor.author Arenaza Urquijo, Eider M.
- dc.contributor.author Grau-Rivera, Oriol
- dc.contributor.author González de Echávarri, José Maria
- dc.contributor.author Minguillón, Carolina
- dc.contributor.author Fauria, Karine
- dc.contributor.author Kollmorgen, Gwendlyn
- dc.contributor.author Suridjan, Ivonne
- dc.contributor.author Zetterberg, Henrik
- dc.contributor.author Blennow, Kaj
- dc.contributor.author Gispert López, Juan Domingo
- dc.contributor.author Molinuevo, José Luis
- dc.contributor.author Sánchez Benavides, Gonzalo
- dc.contributor.author ALFA Study
- dc.date.accessioned 2022-07-14T07:13:08Z
- dc.date.available 2022-07-14T07:13:08Z
- dc.date.issued 2021
- dc.description.abstract Background: Cognitive performance of a given individual should be interpreted in the context of reference standards obtained in cognitively healthy populations. Recent evidence has shown that removing asymptomatic individuals with biomarker evidence of Alzheimer's disease pathology from normative samples increases the sensitivity of norms to detect memory impairments. These kind of norms may be useful for defining subtle cognitive decline, the transitional cognitive decline between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment. Objective: the present study aims to provide norms for the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and the Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV in a sample of individuals aged 50-70 years with normal levels of amyloid-β and tau cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Methods: the sample was composed of 248 individuals from the ALFA+ study with negative amyloid-β and tau CSF biomarker levels. Regression-based norms were developed, including adjustments for age, education, and sex when applicable. Results: we found that education was associated with the performance in all the variables of both tests while age had a marginal effect only in the delayed free recall of the FCSRT. Sex was also related to the performance in the FCSRT, with women outperforming men. Equations to calculate z-scores and normative percentile tables were created. As compared with previously published norms the reference data presented were more sensitive but less specific, as expected. Conclusion: the use of the norms provided in this work, in combination with the already published conventional norms, may contribute to detecting subtle memory impairment.
- dc.description.sponsorship The research leading to these results has received funding from “la Caixa” Foundation (LCF/PR/GN17/10300004) and the Alzheimer’s Association and an international anonymous charity foundation through the TriBEKa Imaging Platform project (TriBEKa-17-519007). Additional support has been received from the Universities and Research Secretariat, Ministry of Business and Knowledge of the Catalan Government under the grant no. 2017-SGR-892. MS-C received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie action grant agreement No 752310, and currently receives funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Juan de la Cierva Programme grant IJC2018-037478-I). EMA-U is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities - Spanish State Research Agency (RYC2018-026053-I) and is recipient of the Alzheimer’s Association Research Grant (AARC 2019-AARG 644641). OG-R is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FJCI-2017-33437). JDG holds a ‘Ramón y Cajal’ fellowship (RYC-2013-13054).
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Brugulat-Serrat A, Cañas-Martínez A, Canals-Gispert L, Marne P, Gramunt N, Milà-Alomà M, et al. Enhancing the sensitivity of memory tests: reference data for the free and cued selective reminding test and the logical memory task from cognitively healthy subjects with normal alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021; 84(1): 119-28. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210640
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-210640
- dc.identifier.issn 1387-2877
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53733
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher IOS Press
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/752310
- dc.rights ISSN 1387-2877 © 2021 – Brugulat Serrat, A. Published by IOS Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword Alzheimer’s disease
- dc.subject.keyword Amyloid
- dc.subject.keyword Biomarkers
- dc.subject.keyword Cognition
- dc.subject.keyword Memory
- dc.subject.keyword Norms
- dc.subject.keyword Sex
- dc.title Enhancing the sensitivity of memory tests: reference data for the free and cued selective reminding test and the logical memory task from cognitively healthy subjects with normal alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion