Association between temperature and occupational injuries in Spain: The role of contextual factors in workers' adaptation

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• dc.contributor.author Vielma, Constanza
• dc.contributor.author Achebak, Hicham
• dc.contributor.author Quijal-Zamorano, Marcos
• dc.contributor.author Lloyd, Simon J.
• dc.contributor.author Chevance, Guillaume
• dc.contributor.author Ballester, Joan
• dc.date.accessioned 2024-11-22T11:36:58Z
• dc.date.available 2024-11-22T11:36:58Z
• dc.date.issued 2024
• dc.description.abstract Background: Extensive evidence links both cold and hot temperatures to an increased incidence of occupational injuries. Contextual modifiers of the temperature-injury association have been scarcely researched. The present study addresses temporal and spatial variations to identify factors associated with (mal)adaptation to heat and cold among Spanish workers. Methods: We assessed the association between daily mean temperature and work injuries using quasi-Poisson time-series regression models in 48 Spanish provinces over the period 1988-2019, with comparative analyses with census and economic data for the sub-periods 1989-1993, 1999-2003, 2009-2013 and 2015-2019. We explored the spatial and spatiotemporal modification of the association by demographic and socioeconomic variables via cross-sectional and longitudinal meta-regressions. Findings: We found an increased risk of work-injuries by 4 % [95 % CI: 3 %-6 %] and 12 % [95 % CI: 10 %-13 %], for the 1st and 99th percentiles of temperature, respectively, for period 1988-2019. Heat had a greater overall impact than cold, and the groups more vulnerable to heat were male workers, under 35 years, and working in agriculture, construction and hostelry. Vulnerability to heat was highest in the earliest sub-period, while vulnerability to cold rose during periods of both economic expansion and recession. High educational attainment emerged as a protective factor during the warm months in the cross-sectional meta-regressions. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an adaptation of Spanish workers to high temperatures over time. However, preventive measures are needed for traditionally exposed workers (agriculture and construction), non-traditionally vulnerable sectors (hostelry), and young, male, and less educated workers during warm months. For cold vulnerability, targeted measures should focus on women, the elderly, and tertiary service workers, especially in colder regions. Addressing temperature vulnerability would enhance worker safety, reduce injuries, and yield economic benefits.
• dc.description.sponsorship We acknowledge support from the grant CEX2023-0001290-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. CV, HA, MQ-Z, SL, and JB were supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 865564 (European Research Council Consolidator Grant EARLY-ADAPT, https://www.early-adapt.eu/). The following individual grants also supported this work: CV acknowledges support from the grant PRE2021-097512 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and by European Social Fund invests in your future. HA acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101065876 (MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowship TEMP-MOMO). SL acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council (FORMAS) under grant agreement No. 2022–01845 (project ADATES). GC acknowledges funding with the grant RYC2021-033537-I, supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “Next Generation EU”/PRTR“. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Vielma C, Achebak H, Quijal-Zamorano M, Lloyd SJ, Chevance G, Ballester J. Association between temperature and occupational injuries in Spain: The role of contextual factors in workers' adaptation. Environ Int. 2024 Oct;192:109006. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109006
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109006
• dc.identifier.issn 0160-4120
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/68784
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Environ Int. 2024 Oct;192:109006
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101065876
• dc.rights © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.other Treball--Accident
• dc.subject.other Temperatures altes
• dc.subject.other Temperatures baixes
• dc.title Association between temperature and occupational injuries in Spain: The role of contextual factors in workers' adaptation
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion