Intervention effects of greenspace exposure on human microbiota: A randomized controlled trial in Chinese young adults
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- dc.contributor.author Wang, Lu
- dc.contributor.author Li, Jun-Yi
- dc.contributor.author Zhu, Xiao-Qi
- dc.contributor.author Jiang, Jian-Cheng
- dc.contributor.author Li, Chuang
- dc.contributor.author Zheng, Zi-Han
- dc.contributor.author Wang, Zhi
- dc.contributor.author Zhao, Tianyu
- dc.contributor.author Markevych, Iana
- dc.contributor.author Heinrich, Joachim
- dc.contributor.author Dadvand, Payam
- dc.contributor.author Browing, Matthew H. E. M.
- dc.contributor.author Chen, Chen
- dc.contributor.author Huang, Ji-Lin
- dc.contributor.author Dong, Guang-Hui
- dc.contributor.author Yang, Bo-Yi
- dc.date.accessioned 2025-06-18T06:36:37Z
- dc.date.available 2025-06-18T06:36:37Z
- dc.date.issued 2025
- dc.description.abstract Enriching human microbiota has been proposed as a mechanism by which greenspace exposure improves human health. The existing evidence is scarce with few studies able to evaluate causality. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 30 healthy undergraduate students to explore the intervention effects of greenspace on human gut and oral microbiota alpha-diversity, composition, differential genera and functional pathways. The study participants were divided into three groups, including outdoor greenspace (GS) group, outdoor non-greenspace (NGS) group, and indoor group, who visited a park, an open space without vegetation, and a classroom, respectively, for two hours per day over seven days. Differences in microbial alpha-diversity and composition across various groups were tested using Wilcoxon test and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis was performed to test differences in genera and functional pathways. Greenspace intervention significantly increased gut microbiota alpha-diversity, especially the observed Amplicon Sequence variant indexes and the Faith indexes (both p < 0.05). In addition, the intervention substantially changed the composition of gut microbiota, of which the relative abundances of potentially beneficial bacteria increased. Further, the greenspace intervention affected several functional pathways of gut microbiota, including "substance dependence", "specific types of cancer", and "viral infectious diseases". However, we did not find any significant effect of greenspace intervention on oral microbiota. Our results suggest that greenspace intervention diversifies the gut microbiota and alters its composition. These findings could help to reinforce the potential of increasing people's access to greenspace as a public health intervention.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Wang L, Li JY, Zhu XQ, Jiang JC, Li C, Zheng ZH, et al. Intervention effects of greenspace exposure on human microbiota: A randomized controlled trial in Chinese young adults. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 May;296:118183. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118183
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118183
- dc.identifier.issn 0147-6513
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70711
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Elsevier
- dc.relation.ispartof Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 May;296:118183
- dc.rights © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword Greenspace
- dc.subject.keyword Gut microbiota
- dc.subject.keyword Human microbiota
- dc.subject.keyword Natural environment
- dc.subject.keyword Oral microbiota
- dc.title Intervention effects of greenspace exposure on human microbiota: A randomized controlled trial in Chinese young adults
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion