Prenatal exposure to fluoride and neuropsychological development in early childhood: 1-to 4 years old children

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• dc.contributor.author Ibarluzea, Jesús
• dc.contributor.author Gallastegi, Mara
• dc.contributor.author Santa Marina, Loreto
• dc.contributor.author Jiménez-Zabala, Ana
• dc.contributor.author Arranz, Enrique
• dc.contributor.author Molinuevo, Amaia
• dc.contributor.author Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-José
• dc.contributor.author Ballester Díez, Ferran
• dc.contributor.author Villanueva, Cristina M.
• dc.contributor.author Riano-Galan, Isolina
• dc.contributor.author Sunyer Deu, Jordi
• dc.contributor.author Tardón, Adonina
• dc.contributor.author Lertxundi, Aitana
• dc.date.accessioned 2022-05-16T06:29:16Z
• dc.date.available 2022-05-16T06:29:16Z
• dc.date.issued 2022
• dc.description.abstract Background: Cross-sectional and prospective studies have provided evidence of the neurotoxic effect of early exposure to fluoride (F) in pregnancy. It has been negatively associated with cognitive development during childhood, with most research conducted in areas with high F levels in community drinking water (CDW). Method: Data from 316 to 248 mother-child pairs from the Infancia y Medio Ambiente (Childhood and Environment, INMA) birth cohort project with maternal urinary F level adjusted for creatinine (MUFcr) measurements in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Children's cognitive domains and intelligence indexes were evaluated using the Bayley Scales (age of 1) and the McCarthy Scales (age of 4). Multiple linear regression analyses were carried out adjusting for a wide range of covariates related to the child, mother, family context and other potential neurotoxicants. Results: No association was found between MUFcr levels and Bayley Mental Development Index score. Nevertheless, regarding the McCarthy scales, it was found that per unit (mg/g) of MUFcr across the whole pregnancy, scores in boys were greater for the verbal, performance, numeric and memory domains (β = 13.86, CI 95%: 3.91, 23.82), (β = 5.86, CI 95%: 0.32, 11.39), (β = 6.22, CI 95%: 0.65, 11.79) and (β = 11.63, CI 95%: 2.62, 20.63) respectively and for General Cognitive Index (β = 15.4, CI 95%: 6.32, 24.48). For girls there was not any cognitive score significantly associated with MUFcr, being the sex-F interactions significant (P interaction <0.05). Including other toxicants levels, quality of family context or deprivation index did not substantially change the results. Conclusions: In boys, positive associations were observed between MUFcr and scores in cognitive domains at the age of 4. These findings are inconsistent with those from some previous studies and indicate the need for other population-based studies to confirm or overturn these results at low levels of F in CDW.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Ibarluzea J, Gallastegi M, Santa-Marina L, Jiménez Zabala A, Arranz E, Molinuevo A, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Ballester F, Villanueva CM, Riano I, Sunyer J, Tardon A, Lertxundi A. Prenatal exposure to fluoride and neuropsychological development in early childhood: 1-to 4 years old children. Environ Res. 2022 May 1;207:112181. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112181
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112181
• dc.identifier.issn 0013-9351
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53084
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Environ Res. 2022 May 1;207:112181
• dc.rights © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Children
• dc.subject.keyword Fluoride
• dc.subject.keyword Intelligence
• dc.subject.keyword Neuropsychological development
• dc.subject.keyword Pregnancy
• dc.title Prenatal exposure to fluoride and neuropsychological development in early childhood: 1-to 4 years old children
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion