Genome-wide association study of long COVID

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• dc.contributor.author Lammi, Vilma
• dc.contributor.author DBDS Genomic Consortium
• dc.contributor.author Ollila, Hanna M.
• dc.date.accessioned 2025-06-06T07:06:22Z
• dc.date.available 2025-06-06T07:06:22Z
• dc.date.issued 2025
• dc.description Data de publicació electrònica: 21-05-2025
• dc.description.abstract Infections can lead to persistent symptoms and diseases such as shingles after varicella zoster or rheumatic fever after streptococcal infections. Similarly, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection can result in long coronavirus disease (COVID), typically manifesting as fatigue, pulmonary symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. The biological mechanisms behind long COVID remain unclear. We performed a genome-wide association study for long COVID including up to 6,450 long COVID cases and 1,093,995 population controls from 24 studies across 16 countries. We discovered an association of FOXP4 with long COVID, independent of its previously identified association with severe COVID-19. The signal was replicated in 9,500 long COVID cases and 798,835 population controls. Given the transcription factor FOXP4's role in lung physiology and pathology, our findings highlight the importance of lung function in the pathophysiology of long COVID.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Lammi V, Nakanishi T, Jones SE, Andrews SJ, Karjalainen J, Cortés B, et al. Genome-wide association study of long COVID. Nat Genet. 2025 May 21. DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02100-w
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-02100-w
• dc.identifier.issn 1061-4036
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70633
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Nature Research
• dc.relation.ispartof Nat Genet. 2025 May 21
• dc.rights © The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Genome-wide association studies
• dc.subject.keyword Infectious diseases
• dc.title Genome-wide association study of long COVID
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion