Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain
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- dc.contributor.author Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza
- dc.contributor.author López-Jiménez, Tomàs
- dc.contributor.author Medina Perucha, Laura
- dc.contributor.author De Bont, Jeroen, 1989-
- dc.contributor.author Berenguera, Anna
- dc.date.accessioned 2022-05-31T07:00:41Z
- dc.date.available 2022-05-31T07:00:41Z
- dc.date.issued 2021
- dc.description.abstract Evidence suggests that non-binary people have poorer mental and physical health outcomes, compared with people who identify within the gender binomial (man/woman). Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has been conducted worldwide in the last few months. It has however overlooked gender diversity. The aim of our study was to explore social and health-related factors associated with mental health (anxiety and depression) among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. A cross-sectional study with online survey, aimed at the population residing in Spain during lockdown, was conducted. Data were collected between the 8th of April until the 28th of May 2020, the time period when lockdown was implemented in Spain. Mental health was measured using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale for anxiety, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. The survey included the question: Which sex do you identify with? The options "Man", "Woman", "Non-binary" and "I do not identify" were given. People who answered one of the last two options were selected for this study. Multivariate regression logistic models were constructed to evaluate the associations between sociodemographic, social and health-related factors, anxiety and depression. Out of the 7125 people who participated in the survey, 72 (1%) identified as non-binary or to not identify with another category. People who do not identify with the man/woman binomial (non-binary/I do not identify) presented high proportions of anxiety (41.7%) and depression (30.6%). Poorer mental health was associated with social-employment variables (e.g., not working before the pandemic) and health-related variables (e.g., poor or regular self-rated health). These findings suggest that social inequities, already experienced by non-binary communities before the pandemic, may deepen due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Jacques-Aviñó C, López-Jiménez T, Medina-Perucha L, de Bont J, Berenguera A. Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 20;16(8):e0256261. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256261
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256261
- dc.identifier.issn 1932-6203
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53324
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- dc.relation.ispartof PLoS One. 2021 Aug 20;16(8):e0256261
- dc.rights © 2021 Jacques-Aviñó et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.subject.keyword COVID 19
- dc.subject.keyword Mental health and psychiatry
- dc.subject.keyword Binomials
- dc.subject.keyword Employment
- dc.subject.keyword Spain
- dc.subject.keyword Anxiety
- dc.subject.keyword Depression
- dc.subject.keyword Gender identity
- dc.title Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion