Early life exposure to fine particulate matter and fine motor function, attentional function, and working memory among Spanish school-aged children

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• dc.contributor.author Whitworth, Kristina W.
• dc.contributor.author Lertxundi, Aitana
• dc.contributor.author Yuan, Mingze
• dc.contributor.author Rector-Houze, Alison M.
• dc.contributor.author Chen, Wei-Jen
• dc.contributor.author Guxens Junyent, Mònica
• dc.contributor.author Júlvez Calvo, Jordi
• dc.contributor.author Swartz, Michael D.
• dc.contributor.author Symanski, Elaine
• dc.contributor.author Valentín, Antònia
• dc.contributor.author Iñiguez, Carmen
• dc.contributor.author González-Safont, Llúcia
• dc.contributor.author Ibarluzea, Jesús
• dc.date.accessioned 2025-06-25T06:13:49Z
• dc.date.available 2025-06-25T06:13:49Z
• dc.date.issued 2025
• dc.description.abstract Background: Evidence of the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and child neuropsychological function is equivocal. We examined early life PM2.5 exposure in relation to fine motor function, attention, and working memory in early childhood. Methods: We used data from the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project, 2003-2008. Exposure to PM2.5 (μg/m3) was assessed using spatiotemporal land-use random forest models and assigned based on residential address histories. Around age six, children completed the finger tapping test, attentional network test (ANT), and n-back task to evaluate fine motor speed, attention, and working memory, respectively. A total of 1,310 children had data from at least one neuropsychological assessment. General linear models were applied to assess associations between average prenatal and postnatal PM2.5 with each outcome. Distributed lag nonlinear models were used to explore refined periods of susceptibility to PM2.5. We reported β estimates and 99% credible intervals (CrI) representing the change in each outcome per 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Results: Prenatal PM2.5 exposure was associated with decreased mean hit reaction time (HRT) (β = -21.82; 99% CrI = -64.1, 20.4) and HRT-standard error (β = -9.7; 99% CrI = -30.3, 10.9) on the ANT but estimates were imprecise. Postnatal PM2.5 was associated with reduced mean HRT on the n-back task (β = -39.4; 99% CrI = -115.1, 26.3). We observed sensitive periods of exposure in the postnatal period associated with both better and worse performance on the finger-tapping test and ANT. Conclusions: We found limited evidence to support an association between PM2.5 exposure and fine motor function, attentional function, or working memory in school-aged children.
• dc.description.sponsorship The results reported herein correspond to the specific aims of grant R01ES028842 to K.W.W. from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH/NIEHS). This work was also supported by grants Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/004; ISCIII-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI04/2018, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/0867, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/02311, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI13/02429, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI16/00118, PI17/00663, PI18/00909, PI18/01142, and PI18/01237; Miguel Servet-FEDER CP11/00178, CP15/00025, CPII16/00051, CPII18/00018, and CP16/00128 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grant 1999SGR 00241from Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT, grant FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1 from the EU Commission, Assistance Award No. R-82811201 from the Health Effects Institute, grant UGP-15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249 from Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO, grant 2005111093 from Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017, Department of Health of the Basque Government, grant DFG06/002 from the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa, and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu, Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain), and Margarita Salas Grant MS21-125 co-funded by European Union- Next Generation EU and Ministerio de Universidades. We also acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the State Research Agency through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. K.W.W. and E.S. were partially supported by the P30 Environmental Health Sciences Core Center grant P30ES030285 from the NIH/NIEHS and by funding from the NIH/National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) under Award Number P50MD015496.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Whitworth KW, Lertxundi A, Yuan M, Rector-Houze A, Chen WJ, Guxens M, et al. Early life exposure to fine particulate matter and fine motor function, attentional function, and working memory among Spanish school-aged children. Environ Epidemiol. 2025 May 14;9(3):e396. DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000396
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000396
• dc.identifier.issn 2474-7882
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70754
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Wolters Kluwer (LWW)
• dc.relation.ispartof Environ Epidemiol. 2025 May 14;9(3):e396
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/282957
• dc.rights This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Air pollution
• dc.subject.keyword Attention network test
• dc.subject.keyword Cognition
• dc.subject.keyword Executive function
• dc.subject.keyword Fine motor function
• dc.subject.keyword Finger tapping test
• dc.subject.keyword PM2.5
• dc.subject.keyword Susceptible windows
• dc.subject.keyword n-back task
• dc.title Early life exposure to fine particulate matter and fine motor function, attentional function, and working memory among Spanish school-aged children
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion