Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 induce different metabolic profiles in microglia and macrophages that relate with divergent outcomes after spinal cord injury
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- dc.contributor.author Amo-Aparicio, Jesus
- dc.contributor.author Garcia-Garcia, Joana
- dc.contributor.author Francos-Quijorna, Isaac
- dc.contributor.author Urpi, Andrea
- dc.contributor.author Esteve-Codina, Anna
- dc.contributor.author Gut, Marta
- dc.contributor.author Quintana, Albert
- dc.contributor.author Lopez-Vales, Ruben
- dc.date.accessioned 2022-04-01T09:19:37Z
- dc.date.available 2022-04-01T09:19:37Z
- dc.date.issued 2021
- dc.description.abstract Background: Microglia and macrophages adopt a pro-inflammatory phenotype after spinal cord injury (SCI), what is thought to contribute to secondary tissue degeneration. We previously reported that this is due, in part, to the low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4. Since IL-13 and IL-4 share receptors and both cytokines drive microglia and macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype in vitro, here we studied whether administration of IL-13 and IL-4 after SCI leads to beneficial effects. Methods: We injected mice with recombinant IL-13 or IL-4 at 48 h after SCI and assessed their effects on microglia and macrophage phenotype and functional outcomes. We also performed RNA sequencing analysis of macrophages and microglia sorted from the injured spinal cords of mice treated with IL-13 or IL-4 and evaluated the metabolic state of these cells by using Seahorse technology. Results: We observed that IL-13 induced the expression of anti-inflammatory markers in microglia and macrophages after SCI but, in contrast to IL-4, it failed to mediate functional recovery. We found that these two cytokines induced different gene signatures in microglia and macrophages after SCI and that IL-4, in contrast to IL-13, shifted microglia and macrophage metabolism from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation. These findings were further confirmed by measuring the metabolic profile of these cells. Importantly, we also revealed that macrophages stimulated with IL-4 or IL-13 are not deleterious to neurons, but they become cytotoxic when oxidative metabolism is blocked. This suggests that the metabolic shift, from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, is required to minimize the cytotoxic responses of microglia and macrophages. Conclusions: These results reveal that the metabolic fitness of microglia and macrophages after SCI contributes to secondary damage and that strategies aimed at boosting oxidative phosphorylation might be a novel approach to minimize the deleterious actions of microglia and macrophages in neurotrauma.
- dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, SAF2016-79774-R), Wings for Life International Foundation, Red de Terapia Celular (TERCEL) and, funds from ''la Caixa” Foundation under agreement LCF/TR/CI17/10020018 and LCF/PR/HA17/52170001 to RL-V, and by NIH Grant AI 15614 to CD and the Interleukin Foundation to CD
- dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
- dc.identifier.citation Amo-Aparicio J, Garcia-Garcia J, Francos-Quijorna I, Urpi A, Esteve-Codina A, Gut M et al. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 induce different metabolic profiles in microglia and macrophages that relate with divergent outcomes after spinal cord injury. Theranostics. 2021 Oct 3;11(20):9805-20. DOI: 10.7150/thno.65203
- dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.65203
- dc.identifier.issn 1838-7640
- dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52814
- dc.language.iso eng
- dc.publisher Ivyspring International Publisher
- dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/1PE/ SAF2016-79774-R
- dc.rights © Jesus Amo-Aparicio et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions
- dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
- dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- dc.subject.other Medul·la espinal -- Ferides i lesions
- dc.subject.other Sistema immunològic
- dc.subject.other Interleucines
- dc.title Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 induce different metabolic profiles in microglia and macrophages that relate with divergent outcomes after spinal cord injury
- dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
- dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion