Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: an individual-participant meta-analysis

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  • dc.contributor.author Levie, Deborah
  • dc.contributor.author Korevaar, Tim I. M.
  • dc.contributor.author Mulder, Tessa A.
  • dc.contributor.author Bath, Sarah C.
  • dc.contributor.author Dineva, Mariana
  • dc.contributor.author Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-José
  • dc.contributor.author Basterrechea, Mikel
  • dc.contributor.author Santa Marina, Loreto
  • dc.contributor.author Rebagliato, Marisa
  • dc.contributor.author Sunyer Deu, Jordi
  • dc.contributor.author Rayman, Margaret P.
  • dc.contributor.author Tiemeier, Henning
  • dc.contributor.author Peeters, Robin P.
  • dc.contributor.author Guxens Junyent, Mònica
  • dc.date.accessioned 2023-11-16T07:17:07Z
  • dc.date.available 2023-11-16T07:17:07Z
  • dc.date.issued 2019
  • dc.description.abstract Background: Thyroid hormone is essential for optimal fetal brain development. Evidence suggests that both low and high maternal thyroid hormone availability may have adverse effects on child neurodevelopmental outcomes, but the effect on behavioral problems remains unclear. We studied the association of maternal thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations during the first 18 weeks of pregnancy with child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A total of 7669 mother-child pairs with data on maternal thyroid function and child ADHD were selected from three prospective population-based birth cohorts: INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA; N = 1073, Spain), Generation R (N = 3812, The Netherlands), and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 2784, United Kingdom). Exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancy, fertility treatment, usage of medication affecting the thyroid, and pre-existing thyroid disease. We used logistic regression models to study the association of maternal thyroid function with the primary outcome, ADHD, assessed via the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria by parents and/or teachers at a median child age of 4.5 to 7.6 years, and with the secondary outcome, an ADHD symptom score above the 90th percentile. Effect modification by gestational age and sex was tested with interaction terms and stratified analyses. Results: Overall, 233 (3%) children met the criteria for ADHD. When analyzed continuously, neither fT4 nor TSH was associated with a higher risk of ADHD (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI 1.0-1.3], p = 0.060 and OR 0.9 [CI 0.9-1.1], p = 0.385, respectively) or with high symptom scores. When investigating effect modification by gestational age, a higher fT4 was associated with symptoms above the 90th percentile but only in the first trimester (for fT4 per 1 SD: OR 1.2 [CI 1.0-1.4], p = 0.027). However, these differential effects by gestational age were not consistent. No significant effect modification by sex was observed. Conclusions: We found no clear evidence of an association between maternal thyroid function and child ADHD.
  • dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
  • dc.identifier.citation Levie D, Korevaar TIM, Mulder TA, Bath SC, Dineva M, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Basterrechea M, Santa-Marina L, Rebagliato M, Sunyer J, Rayman MP, Tiemeier H, Peeters RP, Guxens M. Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: an individual-participant meta-analysis. Thyroid. 2019; 29(9):1316-26. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0794
  • dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2018.0794
  • dc.identifier.issn 1050-7256
  • dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/58276
  • dc.language.iso eng
  • dc.publisher Mary Ann Liebert, Inc
  • dc.relation.ispartof Thyroid. 2019; 29(9):1316-26
  • dc.rights Final publication is available from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2018.0794
  • dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  • dc.subject.keyword ALSPAC
  • dc.subject.keyword Generation R
  • dc.subject.keyword INMA
  • dc.subject.keyword Behavioral problems
  • dc.subject.keyword Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • dc.subject.keyword Thyroxine
  • dc.title Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: an individual-participant meta-analysis
  • dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
  • dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

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