Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults

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• dc.contributor.author Pérez-Vega, Karla Alejandra
• dc.contributor.author Lassale, Camille
• dc.contributor.author Zomeño Fajardo, Maria Dolores
• dc.contributor.author Castañer, Olga
• dc.contributor.author Salas Salvadó, Jordi
• dc.contributor.author Basterra-Gortari, F. Javier
• dc.contributor.author Corella, Dolores
• dc.contributor.author Estruch, Ramón
• dc.contributor.author Ros, Emilio
• dc.contributor.author Tinahones Madueño, Francisco José
• dc.contributor.author Blanchart, Gemma
• dc.contributor.author Malcampo, Mireia
• dc.contributor.author Muñoz Aguayo, Daniel
• dc.contributor.author Schröder, Helmut, 1958-
• dc.contributor.author Fitó Colomer, Montserrat
• dc.contributor.author Hernáez, Álvaro
• dc.date.accessioned 2025-01-20T06:49:34Z
• dc.date.available 2025-01-20T06:49:34Z
• dc.date.issued 2024
• dc.description.abstract Objectives: Not skipping breakfast is associated with a better overall diet quality and lower cardiometabolic risk. However, the impact of calorie intake and dietary quality of breakfast on cardiovascular health remains unexplored. We aimed to study the associations between breakfast energy intake and quality and time trajectories of cardiometabolic traits in high cardiovascular risk participants. Design: Prospective observational exploratory study with repeated measurements. Setting: Spanish older adults. Participants: 383 participants aged 55-75 with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, a clinical trial involving a weight-loss lifestyle intervention based on the Mediterranean diet. Measurements: Participants were followed for 36 months. Longitudinal averages of breakfast energy intake and quality were calculated. Three categories were defined for energy intake: 20-30% (reference), <20% (low), and >30% (high). Quality was estimated using the Meal Balance Index; categories were above (reference) or below the median score (low). Natural cubic spline mixed effects regressions described trajectories of cardiometabolic indicators (anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and kidney function) in breakfast groups. Inter-group differences in predicted values were estimated by linear regressions. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, PREDIMED-Plus intervention group, education, smoking, physical activity, and total daily kilocalorie intake. Lipid profile analyses were further adjusted for baseline hypercholesterolemia, blood pressure analyses for baseline hypertension, and glucose/glycated hemoglobin analyses for baseline diabetes. Breakfast energy intake analyses were adjusted for breakfast quality, and vice versa. Results: At 36 months, compared to the reference, low- or high-energy breakfasts were associated with differences in body mass index (low: 0.61 kg/m² [95% confidence interval: 0.19; 1.02]; high: 1.18 kg/m² [0.71; 1.65]), waist circumference (low: 2.22 cm [0.96; 3.48]; high: 4.57 cm [3.13; 6.01]), triglycerides (low: 13.8 mg/dL [10.8; 16.8]; high: 28.1 cm [24.7; 31.6]), and HDL cholesterol (low: -2.13 mg/dL [-3.41; -0.85]; high: -4.56 mg/dL [-6.04; -3.09]). At 36 months, low-quality breakfast was associated with higher waist circumference (1.50 cm [0.53; 2.46]), and triglycerides (5.81 mg/dL [3.50; 8.12]) and less HDL cholesterol (-1.66 mg/dL [-2.63; -0.69]) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (-1.22 mL/min/1.73m2 [-2.02; -0.41]). Conclusions: Low- or high-energy and low-quality breakfasts were associated with higher adiposity and triglycerides, and lower HDL cholesterol in high-risk older adults. Low-quality breakfasts were also linked to poorer kidney function.
• dc.description.sponsorship This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [grant numbers IFI20/00002, PI19/00017, PI15/00047, PI18/00020, PI16/00533, PI13/00233, PI21/00024, PI20/00012, and CP21/00097] and co-funded by the European Union, the European Research Council [grant number #340918], and the Government of Catalonia [grant number 2021 SGR 00144]. Publication fees were covered by the Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, University Ramon Llull in Barcelona. The funders played no role in study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, and neither in the process of writing the manuscript and the publish process.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Pérez-Vega KA, Lassale C, Zomeño MD, Castañer O, Salas-Salvadó J, Basterra-Gortari FJ, et al. Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2024 Dec;28(12):100406. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100406
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100406
• dc.identifier.issn 1279-7707
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/69168
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof J Nutr Health Aging. 2024 Dec;28(12):100406
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/340918
• dc.rights © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of SERDI Publisher. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Body mass index
• dc.subject.keyword Breakfast
• dc.subject.keyword Glomerular filtration rate
• dc.subject.keyword HDL cholesterol
• dc.subject.keyword Triglycerides
• dc.subject.keyword Waist circumference
• dc.title Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion