Health effects of non-occupational exposure to oil extraction.

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• dc.contributor.author O’Callaghan-Gordo, Cristinaca
• dc.contributor.author Orta-Martínez, Martíca
• dc.contributor.author Kogevinas, Manolisca
• dc.date.accessioned 2016-07-14T11:31:20Z
• dc.date.available 2016-07-14T11:31:20Z
• dc.date.issued 2016
• dc.description.abstract Oil extraction may cause extensive environmental impact that can affect health of populations living in surrounding areas. Large populations are potentially exposed to oil extraction related contamination through residence in areas where oil extraction is conducted, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Health effects among people residentially exposed to upstream oil industry contaminants have been poorly studied. Health effects of exposure to oil related contamination have been mainly studied among cleanup workers after oil spills from tankers or offshore platforms.In this paper we aim to identify the type and extension of residential exposures related to oil extraction activities and to comment on the few health studies available. We estimated that 638 million persons in LMICs inhabit rural areas close to conventional oil reservoirs. It is relevant to specifically study people residentially exposed to upstream oil industry for the following reasons: First, persons are exposed during long periods of time to oil related contamination. Second, routes of exposure differ between workers and people living close to oil fields, who can be exposed by ingestion of contaminated waters/foods and by dermal contact with contaminated water and/or land during daily activities (e.g. bathing, agricultural activities, etc.). Third, individuals potentially more susceptible to the effect of oil related contamination and not normally occupationally exposed, such as infants, children, pregnant women, elderly or people with previous health conditions, are also exposed.There are few papers studying the potential health effects of residential exposure to oil related contamination, and most of them share important limitations. There is a need for more research through the conduct of methodologically robust studies in exposed populations worldwide. Despite the difficulties in the conduct of studies in remote areas, novel approaches, such as measurement of individual exposure using biomarkers of exposure and effect, should be used. These studies should be promoted to understand the health risks associated to residential exposure to oil related contamination, support effective control policies to avoid such contamination and to sustain public health recommendations and policies to avoid exposure in already contaminated areas.ca
• dc.description.sponsorship C.O.G holds a Sara Borrell postdoctoral fellowship awarded from the Carlos III National Institute of Health (CD13/00072). M.O.M. benefited from the financial support of the ‘Conflict and Cooperation over Natural Resources in Developing Countries’ program of The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - www.iss.nl/nebe- and the ‘International Initiative for Impact Evaluation’ (3ie).
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdfca
• dc.identifier.citation O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Orta-Martínez M, Kogevinas M. Health effects of non-occupational exposure to oil extraction. Environ Health. 2016 Apr 26;15:56. DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0140-1ca
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-016-0140-1
• dc.identifier.issn 1476-069X
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/27052
• dc.language.iso engca
• dc.publisher BioMed Centralca
• dc.relation.ispartof Environ Health. 2016 Apr 26;15:56
• dc.rights © 2016 O’Callaghan-Gordo et al.Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, andreproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link tothe Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise statedca
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessca
• dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ca
• dc.subject.other Riscos per a la salutca
• dc.subject.other Salut ambientalca
• dc.subject.other Petroli--Explotacióca
• dc.title Health effects of non-occupational exposure to oil extraction.ca
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/articleca
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionca