Exposure to road traffic noise and behavioral problems in 7-year-old children: a cohort study

Hjortebjerg, Dorrit; Andersen, Anne Marie Nybo; Christensen, Jeppe Schultz; Ketzel, Matthias; Raaschou‑Nielsen, Ole; Sunyer Deu, Jordi; Júlvez Calvo, Jordi; Forns i Guzman, Joan, 1981-; Sørensen, Mette

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409430

Exposure to road traffic noise and behavioral problems in 7-year-old children: a cohort study

Citation

Hjortebjerg D, Andersen AM, Christensen JS, Ketzel M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Sunyer J et al. Exposure to road traffic noise and behavioral problems in 7-year-old children: a cohort study. Environmental health perspectives. 2016;124(2):228-34. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409430

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exposure to traffic noise has been associated with adverse effects on neuropsychological outcomes in children, but findings with regard to behavioral problems are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether residential road traffic noise exposure is associated with behavioral problems in 7-year-old children. METHODS: We identified 46,940 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort with complete information on behavioral problems at 7 years of age and complete address history from conception to 7 years of age. Road traffic noise (Lden) was modeled at all present and historical addresses. Behavioral problems were assessed by the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Associations between pregnancy and childhood exposure to noise and behavioral problems were analyzed by multinomial or logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: A 10-dB increase in average time-weighted road traffic noise exposure from birth to 7 years of age was associated with a 7% increase (95% CI: 1.00, 1.14) in abnormal versus normal total difficulties scores; 5% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.10) and 9% (95% CI: 1.03, 1.18) increases in borderline and abnormal hyperactivity/inattention subscale scores, respectively; and 5% (95% CI: 0.98, 1.14) and 6% (95% CI: 0.99, 1.12) increases in abnormal conduct problem and peer relationship problem subscale scores, respectively. Exposure to road traffic noise during pregnancy was not associated with child behavioral problems at 7 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Residential road traffic noise in early childhood may be associated with behavioral problems, particularly hyperactivity/inattention symptoms.