Exposure to widespread drinking water chemicals, blood inflammation markers, and colorectal cancer

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• dc.contributor.author Villanueva, Cristina M.
• dc.contributor.author Espinosa Díaz, Ana
• dc.contributor.author Gracia-Lavedan, Esther
• dc.contributor.author Vlaanderen, Jelle
• dc.contributor.author Vermeulen, Roel
• dc.contributor.author Molina, Antonio J.
• dc.contributor.author Amiano, Pilar
• dc.contributor.author Gómez-Acebo, Inés
• dc.contributor.author Castaño Vinyals, Gemma
• dc.contributor.author Vineis, Paolo
• dc.contributor.author Kogevinas, Manolis
• dc.date.accessioned 2022-05-05T05:51:06Z
• dc.date.available 2022-05-05T05:51:06Z
• dc.date.issued 2021
• dc.description.abstract Background: Trihalomethanes (THMs) and nitrate are widespread chemicals in drinking water associated with colorectal cancer risk but mechanisms are not well understood. Objectives: We explored the association between exposure to THMs and nitrate in drinking water and inflammation markers, and the link with colorectal cancer risk. Methods: A subset of 198 colorectal cancer cases and 205 controls from the multicase-control study MCC-Spain were included. Average concentration of THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform) and nitrate in tap water at the residence was estimated from age 18 until 2 years before the interview ("long term") and for a recent period (3 years before diagnosis). Serum levels of EGF, eotaxin, G-CSF, IL-17E, IL-1rA, IL-8, IP-10, MDC, MPO, periostin, VEGF, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. We estimated the linear association between inflammation markers and exposure among controls, and the odds ratio of colorectal cancer associated with THM and nitrate exposure, and inflammation markers. A mediation analysis was conducted to identify inflammation markers in the pathway between THM/nitrate exposure and colorectal cancer. Results: Serum concentrations of EGF, IL-8, IL-17E and eotaxin increased with recent residential levels of brominated THMs, chloroforom and/or total THM. No associations were observed for nitrate and for long-term residential THM levels. All residential exposures except chloroform were positively associated with colorectal cancer. Serum concentrations of VEGF and periostin were positively associated with colorectal cancer, while EGF was inversely associated. One protein-exposure combination (periostin-recent ingested brominated THMs) slightly mediated the association with colorectal cancer risk. Discussion: Results suggest that estimated THM exposure is involved in inflammation processes. However, the study design was limited to stablish etiologically relevant associations between the protein levels and colorectal cancer risk. The lack of association between nitrate exposure and inflammation markers suggests other biological mechanisms are involved in the link with colorectal cancer.
• dc.description.sponsorship We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. This work was funded by the 7th Framework Programme EXPOSOMICS Project (grant agreement 308610), the Acción Transversal del Cáncer del Consejo de Ministros del 11/10/2007, and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI11/00226) FIS grants.
• dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
• dc.identifier.citation Villanueva CM, Espinosa A, Gracia-Lavedan E, Vlaanderen J, Vermeulen R, Molina AJ, Amiano P, Gómez-Acebo I, Castaño-Vinyals G, Vineis P, Kogevinas M. Exposure to widespread drinking water chemicals, blood inflammation markers, and colorectal cancer. Environ Int. 2021 Dec;157:106873. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106873
• dc.identifier.doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106873
• dc.identifier.issn 0160-4120
• dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10230/52986
• dc.language.iso eng
• dc.publisher Elsevier
• dc.relation.ispartof Environ Int. 2021 Dec;157:106873
• dc.relation.projectID info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308610
• dc.rights © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
• dc.rights.accessRights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
• dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• dc.subject.keyword Colorectal cancer
• dc.subject.keyword Drinking water
• dc.subject.keyword Immune response
• dc.subject.keyword Inflammation
• dc.subject.keyword Nitrate
• dc.subject.keyword Trihalomethanes
• dc.title Exposure to widespread drinking water chemicals, blood inflammation markers, and colorectal cancer
• dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
• dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion